Retail Pricing Strategies and Market Power-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theRetail Pricing Strategies and Market Power. Answer: In price competition two almost similar products are offered at different prices and customers are price sensitive and they prefer cheaper products. If the product has substitutes and there are so many competitors then price competition is followed. In non-pricecompletion a firm distinguishes its product from others by adding additional features(Schlinder, 2011). This strategy is followed when market is not price sensitive and product is differentiated. Skimming is a pricing strategy in which high price is charged initially and after capturing the market price is reduced gradually. This type of strategy is followed in case of innovative products and when there are fewer competitors. Penetration is a pricing policy in which low price is charged initially in order to capture the market and to increase sales. Ordinary products for which many substitutes are availablepenetration policy are followed. Customers always want quality service at reasonable price and an additional surcharge is an additional fee they have to pay for the same product or services so response is negative. We plan our holiday during off season to Kerala where we get advantage of off season price discounting strategy in which low price is offered for the same package or services if taken in season. When the company launches latest technology product then price skimming policy should be adopted in order to build brand loyalty and to capture the cream of the market(Mills, 2002). Bibliography Mills, G. (2002). Retail Pricing Strategies and Market Power. London: Springer . Schlinder, R. (2011). Pricing Strategies: A Marketing Approach. New York: Springer Publications.

Epistemological Construct of the Research Paradigm

Question: Discuss about theEpistemological Construct of the Research Paradigm. Answer: Introduction: The research is constructed to find out the need for Employee Motivation in Business. The aim is to find out what motivates one employee to give more for the business and thus what is the way to implement it in the business. However, this research wont be based on all employees across all businesses due to limitations. Nevertheless, it would give a fair idea of employees need for motivation and how businesses are offering them for best motivation generation among the people. The research paradigm selected suites the cause the best as it is meant to give the research its findings (Murphy and Ensher, 2008). Research Methodology The target group of people from various businesses are to be chosen for the research in a random fashion which may range from small, medium and large sector industries to give a comprehensive view of the effect of motivation in each of such businesses. The study would use case studies and surveys where primary research questions would be answered to make comprehensive findings for the research. The methodology adopted is significant as the case of motivation is a very personal issue and not every employee has same expectation from their employer. Therefore, the instruments of motivation differ one from another due to their individual wants are different. Therefore, to determine the best source of motivation at each level of the business regarding its range can be covered while factors about such business structure's effect are also made clear thereby (Collis and Hussey, 2013). This research would use the employer and employee both in a random fashion from various sectors of different size. The data for the research would be based on case study as it gives a comprehensive cause for the motivation or the opposite of it. Further, the primary data would be collected from the employees of the different organization which may number 20 in size. The Management of the companies would be approached for the same reason to get their perspective and strategic overview of motivation linked with business excellence. A team of minimum five managerial staffs of the organization would be needed to get the employer's perspective (Rowley, 2012). The Research Epistemology This is a very important part of the research as the epistemology guides the research methods and its ways. The researcher chooses the epistemology with a minute study of the subject and thus finding out which process is best suited to get the needed findings for the research. The research would dig into the employer and employee's mind to get an answer to the research questions. The employee's answer is one side while the employer's perspective is the other part. The research follows a Qualitative primary data selection along with case study analysis from the various sectors and nations to get a result which may or may not establish the findings from the primary qualitative interviews. Hence the research finds that this is the best way to answer the motivation aspect in business. The quantitative research wont be of any help in this case as the questions dont portray the actual nature of the motivation hence the qualitative and case study for research on the subject is given primary focus on to establish the findings. Threats to Research Design The qualitative questions that would be asked need to well understand and comprehended with examples from the research participants. The qualitative questions may create fear in among the minds of people interviewed since it would be recorded. The people may restrict their observation and notion about the subject in fear of getting a hard hit back from the employer if they speak or criticize them. Hence, the research has to ensure that the name and position of the people interviewed are kept as utmost secret and used for educational purpose only. This is ethical and logical to get the full picture of the situation existing in the business. Such helps in findings and aids the researcher to give recommendations based on the findings (Bailey, 1990). The managers may be reluctant to give an interview, so a threat of not getting full or precise information from the employer's perspective remains blurred in such case. Again, the research may have opposite reaction to a question posed which has to be done in a manner that doesn't offend the respondents. The validity of the qualitative study is that it helps the respondents go in details and is not restricted to a set of questions which at times fails to ask the right question to get the right answer. This answers in details open many doors towards a new dimension of study that the qualitative may fail to bring forth. The case studies are the current example of what has happened and the reasons for it in the subjects context. Thus the chosen methodology is epistemological perspective valid and reliable (Siccama and Penna, 2008). Sampling Techniques The sampling technique used for this research is that they are based on a case study a secondary research method from a published case. This research would also generate primary data from the questions posed before the research subjects. Such a combination of primary and secondary research gives a clear overview and helps the researcher to find a reliable answer to the research questions. The qualitative data is the primary data which would be collected from 20 different people where the approach to attending the interview would be online which is also true for the business managers. This saves their time and researcher's as well in setting up interview individually but let the request be floated via social media. Random sampling from the interested candidate would be chosen which would be 20 in number. The same way the managers would also be selected in a random way which may vary from 5 to 6 personnel attending the interview (Leydesdorff, 1994). Problems that May Occur and its Solution The research may lead the researcher visit many places on the same day which may be of great logistical nuance. Neither the time needed for a complete qualitative interview can be given nor may the people associated give time during the office hours. Hence, the strategies solution is maximum use of social media for real-time discussion where Skype may come in for good use. Hence the use of the technology is of great use. It gives the respondents their personal space to express themselves without the fear of any other person poking on what the discussion is all about. The identity can thus be blocked from being disclosed, giving the needed protection regarding business politics at the place of work (Allwood and Barmark, 1999). Ethical Issues The discussed aspects of this research show a great deal of ethical incline from the researcher's side. Hence, the ways have been derived from keeping the problems out of the process with an ethical use of data and interview process for the research. Firstly, the identity of the respondents won't be disclosed in any case since it may have reputations on their career and position in the business. The use of social media is one good way to convenience them to get the needed space of confidentiality to get involved in the interview. Secondly, the data collected would be used for educational purpose only and won't be misused for any personal or monetary gains. The research answers are to be comprehended and reading between the lines are important so the identity disclosure may leave the researcher blank if the subject needs further research both themselves and for the other students (Gallagher, 2015). Further, the secrecy of the data has to be noted and shouldnt be transferred to others via social media shares but via hard drive transcription sharing without name and location of the personnel to keep the research data secure and ethically balanced (Wu, 2008). Data Analysis Techniques The primary and secondary data comes from the interviews and case studies. Thus the interview answers are to be well read which also needs to go "in between the lines." Such analysis gives a complete overview of a distinct trait identification and doesn't keep the research vague as in qualitative ways, in this case, may prove to be. The secondary data would be sourced for the recent case study from three different levels of industry to get the answers of motivation linked with business. This technique is adopted as it suits the research epistemology or logic finding methods for the subject at hand (Saunders et al, 2012). Conclusions The research carried out to find the motivation of employees and business success dependent on it needs such as data collection, research of the data to come to a findings. These findings may not be universally true as it neither encompasses all the industries nor does it consider all sectors. However, the research carried out on the limited data from primary and secondary sources may give us a very comprehensive view of the research findings. This may vary from sector to sector or economy to economy but the perspective of linkage of motivation with business growth can be associated with such research. References Allwood, C. and Barmark, J. (1999). The role of research problems in the process of research.Social Epistemology, 13(1), pp.59-83. Bailey, J. (1990). Problems of data collection and analysis.The Law Teacher, 24(4), pp.77-81. Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2013)Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. 4th ed. London: Palgrave-MacMillan. Gallagher, A. (2015). Ethics and research culture.Nursing Ethics, 22(2), pp.161-162. Leydesdorff, L. (1994). Exchange on the cognitive dimension as a problem for empirical research in science studies.Social Epistemology, 8(2), pp.91-107. Murphy, S. E. and Ensher, E. A. (2008). A qualitative analysis of charismatic leadership in creative teams: The case of television directors.The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), pp.335-352. Rowley, J. (2012). Conducting research interviews.Management Research Review, 35(3/4), pp.260-271. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2012)Research Methods for Business Students, 6th ed. Pearson Learning Solutions. Siccama, C.J. and Penna, S. (2008). Enhancing validity of a qualitative dissertation research study by using NVivo.Qualitative Research Journal, 8(2), pp.91-103. Wu, C. (2008). Knowledge creation in a supply chain.Supply Chain Management. An International Journal, 13(3), pp.241-p250.

With Millions Of Dollars In Merchandising And Television Contracts At

With millions of dollars in merchandising and television contracts at stake, colleges have a lot of money riding on the recruitment, education, and performance?both on and off the field-- of college athletes. Colleges lure the athletes to their school, and make sure they meet the eligibility requirements when there. In order for athletes to be eligible to play in college they must attain a minimum of a 2.0 GPA in 11 designated courses, and earn a combined 700 on the SAT's. Athletes must also meet the schools requirements, normally a 2.0 GPA. With so much at stake, some colleges often go too far, by providing players with personal tutors, who often do work for the players, and pressuring teachers and administrators to look the other way when athletes fail. The NCAA also bars players from receiving any compensation, except scholarships for their play. However, there are many incidences of players receiving other sorts of compensation. There are many violations of athletic department of ficials and trustees giving players money, or gifts, ranging from clothing to cars. Colleges have also been known to give gifts to players just to get them to attend their institution, a practice that is much harder to trace because the student is not enrolled at the school. This has an effect on the psyche of the athletes; more incidences of sexual abuse and other crimes by athletes are arising every year. Even though the NCAA strictly prohibits all of these things from going on, it seems every year another school is violating them. These rules are not stringent enough both academically and socially for the players. The last major change to these rules came in 1989 with the passage of Proposition 42. This rule change closed a loophole in a proposition passed in 1983. The 1983 proposition, known as Proposition 42, required that, beginning in 1986, all athletes must earn a minimum of a 2.0 in eleven designated high school courses, and earn a minimum score of 700 on their SAT's. However, there was a loophole in this regulation. If they did not earn these minimums players could still enroll in the university, under full scholarship, not play or practice with the team, but earn their minimum GPA and then play the next year without ever having met the initial requirements. In an article written for The New Republic in May 1986, Malcolm Gladwell criticizes Proposition 48 and the effects it will have on college sports. Citing many examples of foul play at colleges, ranging from teachers being fired at the University of Georgia in 1982 for not giving preferential treatment to athletes, to players being arrested for rape at the University of Minnesota and their coach stating he " could not set realistic disciplinary standards?much less academic standards?for fear of losing recruits", Gladwell states, "Big time athletic competition is far more important than education at many major public universities, and nothing is likely to change that" (13). He identifies the main problem with proposition 48, citing Berkeley sociologist Harry Edwards, "The big universities will simply keep a separate roster of first year ineligible athletes along with their regular players"(16). The amount of money a school has will determine how many non-qualifying players they can lure to their schools with scholarships. This is the reason for the passing of proposition 42, which bars colleges from giving scholarships to incoming freshmen that do not meet the requirements. Consequently, many people feel that these tougher regulations will lead to more cheating. If that is the case, than more severe punishments should be installed to deter this behavior. A side effect of proposition 48 is that, m any of the athletes that attend these schools on basketball and football scholarships are from low-income families that cannot afford to pay tuition to large universities. It is these people that will lose out if the colleges cannot find another way of paying for them. This in effect will lead to more cheating, like colleges helping prospective students secure government grants and loans, but this is not always enough. They may have to have trustees pay for some of their education, or may be outright given money by the schools. And this is for athletes who

The 5 Sectors of the Economy

The 5 Sectors of the Economy A nation’s economy can be divided into various sectors to define the proportion of the population engaged in different activities. This categorization represents a continuum of distance from the natural environment. The continuum starts with primary economic activity, which concerns itself with the utilization of raw materials from the earth, such as agriculture and mining. From there, the distance from natural resources increases. Primary Sector The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth, such as raw materials and basic foods. Activities associated with primary economic activity include agriculture (both subsistence and commercial), mining, forestry, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and quarrying. The packaging and processing of raw materials are also considered to be part of this sector. In developed and developing countries, a decreasing proportion of workers is involved in the primary sector. Only about 2 percent of the U.S. labor force is engaged in primary sector activity today, a dramatic decrease from the mid-19th century when more than two-thirds of the labor force consisted of primary-sector workers. Secondary Sector The secondary sector of the economy produces finished goods from the raw materials extracted by the primary economy. All  manufacturing, processing, and construction jobs lie within this sector. Activities associated with the secondary sector include metalworking and smelting, automobile production, textile production, the chemical and engineering industries, aerospace manufacturing, energy utilities, breweries and bottlers, construction, and shipbuilding. In the United States, a little less than 15 percent of the working population is engaged in secondary sector activity. Tertiary Sector The tertiary sector of the economy is also known as the service industry. This sector sells the goods produced by the secondary sector and provides commercial services to both the general population and to businesses in all five economic sectors. Activities associated with this sector include retail and wholesale sales, transportation and distribution, restaurants, clerical services, media, tourism, insurance, banking, health care, and law. In most developed and developing countries, a growing proportion of workers is devoted to the tertiary sector. In the United States about 80 percent of the labor force is tertiary workers. The Bureau of Labor Statistics puts non-agriculture self-employed into its own category, and that accounts for another 5 percent of workers, though the sector for these people would be determined by their job. Quaternary Sector Although many economic models divide the economy into only three sectors, others divide it into four or even five sectors. These final two sectors are closely linked with the services of the tertiary sector. In these models, the quaternary sector of the economy consists of intellectual activities often associated with technological innovation. It is sometimes called the knowledge economy.   Activities associated with this sector include government, culture, libraries, scientific research, education, and information technology. These intellectual services and activities are what drives technological advancement, which can have a huge impact on short- and long-term economic growth. Quinary Sector Some economists further subdivide the quaternary sector into the quinary sector, which includes the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy. This sector includes top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and the media. It may also include police and fire departments, which are public services as opposed to for-profit enterprises. Economists sometimes also include domestic activities (duties performed in the home by a family member or dependent) in the quinary sector. These activities, such as child care or housekeeping, are typically not measured by monetary amounts but contribute to the economy by providing services for free that would otherwise be paid for.

Financial Laws and Regulation in Health Industry Assignment

Financial Laws and Regulation in Health Industry - Assignment Example The rights are as named below: the right to amend the PHI, the right to inspect and copy the PHI, the right to request restrictions on particular uses and disclosures PHI, and the right to receive an accounting of the disclosures of their PHI. The consequences of non compliance are that the penalties of both the organization and the individual responsible for the breach are substantial. The civil penalties are determined on a tier structure based on the level of severity and intent of the violations. Require the covered entities to adopt the administrative safeguards to protect the confidentiality and privacy of PHI Among the needed administrative safeguards are the establishment of a compliant system, designation of a privacy officer, implementation of a compliance training programs for all applicable staff, and the implementation of appropriate sanctions for violations of the privacy requirements (Latham & Watkins, 2001). This is to ensure that the covered entities must comply with the security standards with respect to e-PHI. The compliance requires that the covered entity must ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of all e-PHI covered entities creates, receives, maintains, protect against any reasonably anticipated threats to the security or integrity of such information. Question 3 According to Pratt (2000: 383) argue that Stark law, also known as ‘the physician referral law’ prohibits a physician from making referrals for particular designated health services (DHS) payable by the Medicare to an entity with which he or she has a financial relationship (investment, ownership, or compensation), unless an exception... The civil penalties are determined on a tier structure based on the level of severity and intent of the violations.Require the covered entities to adopt the administrative safeguards to protect the confidentiality and privacy of PHIAmong the needed administrative safeguards are the establishment of a compliant system, designation of a privacy officer, implementation of a compliance training programs for all applicable staff, and the implementation of appropriate sanctions for violations of the privacy requirements (Latham & Watkins, 2001). This is to ensure that the covered entities must comply with the security standards with respect to e-PHI. The compliance requires that the covered entity must ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of all e-PHI covered entities creates, receives, maintains, protect against any reasonably anticipated threats to the security or integrity of such information. Question 3According to Pratt (2000: 383) argue that Stark law, also known as â €˜the physician referral law’ prohibits a physician from making referrals for particular designated health services (DHS) payable by the Medicare to an entity with which he or she has a financial relationship (investment, ownership, or compensation), unless an exception applies. They include:1.  Clinical laboratory services 2.  Physical-therapy services3.  Occupational-therapy services4.  Radiology and other diagnostic services (excluding screening mammography).5.  Radiation-therapy services and supplies

Student in University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Student in University - Essay Example As scholars say, time is a valuable resource, a distinguishing factor between success and failure. From this assertion, time management is the solution to this ever-lasting problem. Though a common phrase, the manner in which the strategy to manage time is laid dictates the end result. An ordinary behavior in many campuses around the globe is that tutors and professors dispatch course outlines and assignments at the beginning of the semester. To many students, this issue does not work to their favor since it encourages idleness. To the contrary, its advantages are more. It is from this that my strategy to strike a balance is derived. To begin with, each student need to create their own calendar from the tutor’s but subdivided in to 3 parts. The first should be a semester-long calendar. This calendar should track every important activity throughout the semester and expected deadline hence planning ahead is enhanced. A weekly calendar should follow. This weekly helps the student note when they are free within the week and make possible arrangements for any ongoing commitment. Lastly, the student should prepare a daily to-do list. In this, prioritization is encouraged. The student should check on what should be completed first with well stipulated and strict deadline. Implementation of this strategy can go a long way in enhancing proper use of time. one evident advantage is the fact that the students understands the need for slotting time to socialize and have fun, and knows when exactly to do that. For the reason, the automate result is a stroke balance between education and social

Entrepreneurship in the global environment Essay

Entrepreneurship in the global environment - Essay Example The term Entrepreneurship deals with running a business organization from scratch. The person involved in the process is called an Entrepreneur. The term Entrepreneur not only deals with various attributes which can be found in a person which helps in enhancing business but also the threats that a person faces in the process of nurturing those attributes. This person is known as an Entrepreneur and he is continuously engaged in developing new ideas for a startup, innovating ways to ensure growth of a business, strategizing plans to survive in the market and designing tactics to mitigate challenges. There are many Entrepreneurs who start their own business venture and put their best efforts to ensure that their business reaches the initial breakeven point. The viability of the enterprise will be established at this stage. These Entrepreneurs takes all the responsibilities and ensure that all the business operations are carried out smoothly and issues are resolved with innovative solutions. It is their hard work and dedication that helps the business to sustain in the long run. The Entrepreneurs who join large business organizations have a different role. They operate in specialized areas and foster a business climate which would be favorable for innovation of new ideas. Lionel Martin was a British Entrepreneur who co-founded Aston Martin which is a company that deals with luxurious cars. His love and passion for cars helped him to come up with a venture like Aston Martin. This was an important factor for his success as an Entrepreneur.