Analysis Of Sidhwa s Ice Candy- M Partition Based...

Bapsi sidhwa’s Ice Candy– Man: Partition based fictional autobiography Ankush Mahajan– M.A English from SRPA AB College, Pathankot, Punjab. Affiliated to Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab. E-mail – ankushmahajan7dec@gmail.com Contact – 9781987223 Abstract: A number of novels in the Indian sub-continent have been written on the theme of partition of India. This unforgettable historical moment has been captured as horrifying by the novelists in their novels. These novels examine the inexorable logic of partition as an offshoot of fundamentalism and fanaticism sparked by hardening communal attitudes. These novels are remarked as partition novel. Such novels effectively and realistically depict the ‘vulnerability of human understanding and life, caused by the throes of partition which relentlessly divided friends.’ The narrative design that Bapsi sidhwa follows in her noel apparently looks very simple and straightforward, but on a closer look one realizes that it is translated by author. Objective of the paper is to assess and analyze Bapsi sidhwa’s Ice Candy – Man in the light of autobiographical elements and see the tragic effect of partition. Key Words: sub-continent, partition, fundamentalism, fanaticism, realistically, autobiographical. Introduction: August 1947 marks the end of the British raj in the subcontinent. The departure of the British from the subcontinent led to the creation of the two independent states, Pakistan and India. The division was based

Essay On Honor In School - 834 Words

This year I was lucky to be accepted into the Academy of Health and Medical Sciences. First off, I would like to thank you for a program with such opportunity. As incoming students, we were constantly warned and seemingly â€Å"threatened† with the immense course load, and long nights, and stubborn teachers, and impossible deadlines that would be piled on us. However, with eight days left in my Freshman year, I can confidently say this experience is nothing to fear.Especially with the help of our awesome teachers. Knowing our classes stress the sciences, I expected them to be more challenging than the other courses. However, I did not expect to breeze by English as easily as I did. Mr.Miller was a pleasure to have as a teacher. Through this†¦show more content†¦I understand that Mr.Miller was being flexible. And, that’s awesome! However, the system lacked consistency. Three times this year the submission guidelines changed, making it difficult to follow. In a ddition, he wasn’t strict with following the guidelines he set. And, as someone who always submitted my assignments day of, I personally found this to be unfair. For example, I could complete my assignment day of, and someone else could do it four weeks past the final date and receive no penalty. I’m not even going to talk about the seemingly spontaneous large assignments. English class was typically smooth. But, about five times I remember being randomly given one weekend to read an entire book or write an essay. And, with other classes, sitting to read three hundred pages in forty eight hours is extremely difficult. Tying together both these dislikes, lack of consequences was a big issue to me. For example, one weekend I worked very very hard, while still on a family vacation, to read an entire book he assigned randomly. Then, on Monday, Mr.Miller asked who had read the book. One of my peers sat front row and blatantly told him that he didn’t read it. Mr.Mille r said nothing negative, and just told him to go on sparknotes. We had one very, very, easy quiz, and that was that. I had essentially wasted my weekend, while the other student exhibited no care. In the end, we both ended with the same outcome. Making my work andShow MoreRelated The Problem of Plagiarism Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesability to use technology becomes imperative, a time when students will become expected to communicate and work via the Internet, and a time when students will need to be able to find and interpret information efficiently and correctly, secondary school teachers are searching for ways to provide their students with assessments that mirror the expectations those students will face in the workforce. One way to do this is to have students research topics and create position papers, presentations, andRead More Cheating Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagescrime? Cheating is on the rise, but schools and colleges are not far behind with ways of dealing with it . 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These same events are discuss and displayed in both Freire and Rose’s essays. They both cover hard hitting topics on todays educational systems and how being raised in them really impacted there future in both positive and negative ways. Because of the downfalls i faces as a growing chi ld in this educational system I had to

Retail Pricing Strategies and Market Power-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theRetail Pricing Strategies and Market Power. Answer: In price competition two almost similar products are offered at different prices and customers are price sensitive and they prefer cheaper products. If the product has substitutes and there are so many competitors then price competition is followed. In non-pricecompletion a firm distinguishes its product from others by adding additional features(Schlinder, 2011). This strategy is followed when market is not price sensitive and product is differentiated. Skimming is a pricing strategy in which high price is charged initially and after capturing the market price is reduced gradually. This type of strategy is followed in case of innovative products and when there are fewer competitors. Penetration is a pricing policy in which low price is charged initially in order to capture the market and to increase sales. Ordinary products for which many substitutes are availablepenetration policy are followed. Customers always want quality service at reasonable price and an additional surcharge is an additional fee they have to pay for the same product or services so response is negative. We plan our holiday during off season to Kerala where we get advantage of off season price discounting strategy in which low price is offered for the same package or services if taken in season. When the company launches latest technology product then price skimming policy should be adopted in order to build brand loyalty and to capture the cream of the market(Mills, 2002). Bibliography Mills, G. (2002). Retail Pricing Strategies and Market Power. London: Springer . Schlinder, R. (2011). Pricing Strategies: A Marketing Approach. New York: Springer Publications.

Epistemological Construct of the Research Paradigm

Question: Discuss about theEpistemological Construct of the Research Paradigm. Answer: Introduction: The research is constructed to find out the need for Employee Motivation in Business. The aim is to find out what motivates one employee to give more for the business and thus what is the way to implement it in the business. However, this research wont be based on all employees across all businesses due to limitations. Nevertheless, it would give a fair idea of employees need for motivation and how businesses are offering them for best motivation generation among the people. The research paradigm selected suites the cause the best as it is meant to give the research its findings (Murphy and Ensher, 2008). Research Methodology The target group of people from various businesses are to be chosen for the research in a random fashion which may range from small, medium and large sector industries to give a comprehensive view of the effect of motivation in each of such businesses. The study would use case studies and surveys where primary research questions would be answered to make comprehensive findings for the research. The methodology adopted is significant as the case of motivation is a very personal issue and not every employee has same expectation from their employer. Therefore, the instruments of motivation differ one from another due to their individual wants are different. Therefore, to determine the best source of motivation at each level of the business regarding its range can be covered while factors about such business structure's effect are also made clear thereby (Collis and Hussey, 2013). This research would use the employer and employee both in a random fashion from various sectors of different size. The data for the research would be based on case study as it gives a comprehensive cause for the motivation or the opposite of it. Further, the primary data would be collected from the employees of the different organization which may number 20 in size. The Management of the companies would be approached for the same reason to get their perspective and strategic overview of motivation linked with business excellence. A team of minimum five managerial staffs of the organization would be needed to get the employer's perspective (Rowley, 2012). The Research Epistemology This is a very important part of the research as the epistemology guides the research methods and its ways. The researcher chooses the epistemology with a minute study of the subject and thus finding out which process is best suited to get the needed findings for the research. The research would dig into the employer and employee's mind to get an answer to the research questions. The employee's answer is one side while the employer's perspective is the other part. The research follows a Qualitative primary data selection along with case study analysis from the various sectors and nations to get a result which may or may not establish the findings from the primary qualitative interviews. Hence the research finds that this is the best way to answer the motivation aspect in business. The quantitative research wont be of any help in this case as the questions dont portray the actual nature of the motivation hence the qualitative and case study for research on the subject is given primary focus on to establish the findings. Threats to Research Design The qualitative questions that would be asked need to well understand and comprehended with examples from the research participants. The qualitative questions may create fear in among the minds of people interviewed since it would be recorded. The people may restrict their observation and notion about the subject in fear of getting a hard hit back from the employer if they speak or criticize them. Hence, the research has to ensure that the name and position of the people interviewed are kept as utmost secret and used for educational purpose only. This is ethical and logical to get the full picture of the situation existing in the business. Such helps in findings and aids the researcher to give recommendations based on the findings (Bailey, 1990). The managers may be reluctant to give an interview, so a threat of not getting full or precise information from the employer's perspective remains blurred in such case. Again, the research may have opposite reaction to a question posed which has to be done in a manner that doesn't offend the respondents. The validity of the qualitative study is that it helps the respondents go in details and is not restricted to a set of questions which at times fails to ask the right question to get the right answer. This answers in details open many doors towards a new dimension of study that the qualitative may fail to bring forth. The case studies are the current example of what has happened and the reasons for it in the subjects context. Thus the chosen methodology is epistemological perspective valid and reliable (Siccama and Penna, 2008). Sampling Techniques The sampling technique used for this research is that they are based on a case study a secondary research method from a published case. This research would also generate primary data from the questions posed before the research subjects. Such a combination of primary and secondary research gives a clear overview and helps the researcher to find a reliable answer to the research questions. The qualitative data is the primary data which would be collected from 20 different people where the approach to attending the interview would be online which is also true for the business managers. This saves their time and researcher's as well in setting up interview individually but let the request be floated via social media. Random sampling from the interested candidate would be chosen which would be 20 in number. The same way the managers would also be selected in a random way which may vary from 5 to 6 personnel attending the interview (Leydesdorff, 1994). Problems that May Occur and its Solution The research may lead the researcher visit many places on the same day which may be of great logistical nuance. Neither the time needed for a complete qualitative interview can be given nor may the people associated give time during the office hours. Hence, the strategies solution is maximum use of social media for real-time discussion where Skype may come in for good use. Hence the use of the technology is of great use. It gives the respondents their personal space to express themselves without the fear of any other person poking on what the discussion is all about. The identity can thus be blocked from being disclosed, giving the needed protection regarding business politics at the place of work (Allwood and Barmark, 1999). Ethical Issues The discussed aspects of this research show a great deal of ethical incline from the researcher's side. Hence, the ways have been derived from keeping the problems out of the process with an ethical use of data and interview process for the research. Firstly, the identity of the respondents won't be disclosed in any case since it may have reputations on their career and position in the business. The use of social media is one good way to convenience them to get the needed space of confidentiality to get involved in the interview. Secondly, the data collected would be used for educational purpose only and won't be misused for any personal or monetary gains. The research answers are to be comprehended and reading between the lines are important so the identity disclosure may leave the researcher blank if the subject needs further research both themselves and for the other students (Gallagher, 2015). Further, the secrecy of the data has to be noted and shouldnt be transferred to others via social media shares but via hard drive transcription sharing without name and location of the personnel to keep the research data secure and ethically balanced (Wu, 2008). Data Analysis Techniques The primary and secondary data comes from the interviews and case studies. Thus the interview answers are to be well read which also needs to go "in between the lines." Such analysis gives a complete overview of a distinct trait identification and doesn't keep the research vague as in qualitative ways, in this case, may prove to be. The secondary data would be sourced for the recent case study from three different levels of industry to get the answers of motivation linked with business. This technique is adopted as it suits the research epistemology or logic finding methods for the subject at hand (Saunders et al, 2012). Conclusions The research carried out to find the motivation of employees and business success dependent on it needs such as data collection, research of the data to come to a findings. These findings may not be universally true as it neither encompasses all the industries nor does it consider all sectors. However, the research carried out on the limited data from primary and secondary sources may give us a very comprehensive view of the research findings. This may vary from sector to sector or economy to economy but the perspective of linkage of motivation with business growth can be associated with such research. References Allwood, C. and Barmark, J. (1999). The role of research problems in the process of research.Social Epistemology, 13(1), pp.59-83. Bailey, J. (1990). Problems of data collection and analysis.The Law Teacher, 24(4), pp.77-81. Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2013)Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. 4th ed. London: Palgrave-MacMillan. Gallagher, A. (2015). Ethics and research culture.Nursing Ethics, 22(2), pp.161-162. Leydesdorff, L. (1994). Exchange on the cognitive dimension as a problem for empirical research in science studies.Social Epistemology, 8(2), pp.91-107. Murphy, S. E. and Ensher, E. A. (2008). A qualitative analysis of charismatic leadership in creative teams: The case of television directors.The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), pp.335-352. Rowley, J. (2012). Conducting research interviews.Management Research Review, 35(3/4), pp.260-271. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2012)Research Methods for Business Students, 6th ed. Pearson Learning Solutions. Siccama, C.J. and Penna, S. (2008). Enhancing validity of a qualitative dissertation research study by using NVivo.Qualitative Research Journal, 8(2), pp.91-103. Wu, C. (2008). Knowledge creation in a supply chain.Supply Chain Management. An International Journal, 13(3), pp.241-p250.

With Millions Of Dollars In Merchandising And Television Contracts At

With millions of dollars in merchandising and television contracts at stake, colleges have a lot of money riding on the recruitment, education, and performance?both on and off the field-- of college athletes. Colleges lure the athletes to their school, and make sure they meet the eligibility requirements when there. In order for athletes to be eligible to play in college they must attain a minimum of a 2.0 GPA in 11 designated courses, and earn a combined 700 on the SAT's. Athletes must also meet the schools requirements, normally a 2.0 GPA. With so much at stake, some colleges often go too far, by providing players with personal tutors, who often do work for the players, and pressuring teachers and administrators to look the other way when athletes fail. The NCAA also bars players from receiving any compensation, except scholarships for their play. However, there are many incidences of players receiving other sorts of compensation. There are many violations of athletic department of ficials and trustees giving players money, or gifts, ranging from clothing to cars. Colleges have also been known to give gifts to players just to get them to attend their institution, a practice that is much harder to trace because the student is not enrolled at the school. This has an effect on the psyche of the athletes; more incidences of sexual abuse and other crimes by athletes are arising every year. Even though the NCAA strictly prohibits all of these things from going on, it seems every year another school is violating them. These rules are not stringent enough both academically and socially for the players. The last major change to these rules came in 1989 with the passage of Proposition 42. This rule change closed a loophole in a proposition passed in 1983. The 1983 proposition, known as Proposition 42, required that, beginning in 1986, all athletes must earn a minimum of a 2.0 in eleven designated high school courses, and earn a minimum score of 700 on their SAT's. However, there was a loophole in this regulation. If they did not earn these minimums players could still enroll in the university, under full scholarship, not play or practice with the team, but earn their minimum GPA and then play the next year without ever having met the initial requirements. In an article written for The New Republic in May 1986, Malcolm Gladwell criticizes Proposition 48 and the effects it will have on college sports. Citing many examples of foul play at colleges, ranging from teachers being fired at the University of Georgia in 1982 for not giving preferential treatment to athletes, to players being arrested for rape at the University of Minnesota and their coach stating he " could not set realistic disciplinary standards?much less academic standards?for fear of losing recruits", Gladwell states, "Big time athletic competition is far more important than education at many major public universities, and nothing is likely to change that" (13). He identifies the main problem with proposition 48, citing Berkeley sociologist Harry Edwards, "The big universities will simply keep a separate roster of first year ineligible athletes along with their regular players"(16). The amount of money a school has will determine how many non-qualifying players they can lure to their schools with scholarships. This is the reason for the passing of proposition 42, which bars colleges from giving scholarships to incoming freshmen that do not meet the requirements. Consequently, many people feel that these tougher regulations will lead to more cheating. If that is the case, than more severe punishments should be installed to deter this behavior. A side effect of proposition 48 is that, m any of the athletes that attend these schools on basketball and football scholarships are from low-income families that cannot afford to pay tuition to large universities. It is these people that will lose out if the colleges cannot find another way of paying for them. This in effect will lead to more cheating, like colleges helping prospective students secure government grants and loans, but this is not always enough. They may have to have trustees pay for some of their education, or may be outright given money by the schools. And this is for athletes who

The 5 Sectors of the Economy

The 5 Sectors of the Economy A nation’s economy can be divided into various sectors to define the proportion of the population engaged in different activities. This categorization represents a continuum of distance from the natural environment. The continuum starts with primary economic activity, which concerns itself with the utilization of raw materials from the earth, such as agriculture and mining. From there, the distance from natural resources increases. Primary Sector The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth, such as raw materials and basic foods. Activities associated with primary economic activity include agriculture (both subsistence and commercial), mining, forestry, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and quarrying. The packaging and processing of raw materials are also considered to be part of this sector. In developed and developing countries, a decreasing proportion of workers is involved in the primary sector. Only about 2 percent of the U.S. labor force is engaged in primary sector activity today, a dramatic decrease from the mid-19th century when more than two-thirds of the labor force consisted of primary-sector workers. Secondary Sector The secondary sector of the economy produces finished goods from the raw materials extracted by the primary economy. All  manufacturing, processing, and construction jobs lie within this sector. Activities associated with the secondary sector include metalworking and smelting, automobile production, textile production, the chemical and engineering industries, aerospace manufacturing, energy utilities, breweries and bottlers, construction, and shipbuilding. In the United States, a little less than 15 percent of the working population is engaged in secondary sector activity. Tertiary Sector The tertiary sector of the economy is also known as the service industry. This sector sells the goods produced by the secondary sector and provides commercial services to both the general population and to businesses in all five economic sectors. Activities associated with this sector include retail and wholesale sales, transportation and distribution, restaurants, clerical services, media, tourism, insurance, banking, health care, and law. In most developed and developing countries, a growing proportion of workers is devoted to the tertiary sector. In the United States about 80 percent of the labor force is tertiary workers. The Bureau of Labor Statistics puts non-agriculture self-employed into its own category, and that accounts for another 5 percent of workers, though the sector for these people would be determined by their job. Quaternary Sector Although many economic models divide the economy into only three sectors, others divide it into four or even five sectors. These final two sectors are closely linked with the services of the tertiary sector. In these models, the quaternary sector of the economy consists of intellectual activities often associated with technological innovation. It is sometimes called the knowledge economy.   Activities associated with this sector include government, culture, libraries, scientific research, education, and information technology. These intellectual services and activities are what drives technological advancement, which can have a huge impact on short- and long-term economic growth. Quinary Sector Some economists further subdivide the quaternary sector into the quinary sector, which includes the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy. This sector includes top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and the media. It may also include police and fire departments, which are public services as opposed to for-profit enterprises. Economists sometimes also include domestic activities (duties performed in the home by a family member or dependent) in the quinary sector. These activities, such as child care or housekeeping, are typically not measured by monetary amounts but contribute to the economy by providing services for free that would otherwise be paid for.

Financial Laws and Regulation in Health Industry Assignment

Financial Laws and Regulation in Health Industry - Assignment Example The rights are as named below: the right to amend the PHI, the right to inspect and copy the PHI, the right to request restrictions on particular uses and disclosures PHI, and the right to receive an accounting of the disclosures of their PHI. The consequences of non compliance are that the penalties of both the organization and the individual responsible for the breach are substantial. The civil penalties are determined on a tier structure based on the level of severity and intent of the violations. Require the covered entities to adopt the administrative safeguards to protect the confidentiality and privacy of PHI Among the needed administrative safeguards are the establishment of a compliant system, designation of a privacy officer, implementation of a compliance training programs for all applicable staff, and the implementation of appropriate sanctions for violations of the privacy requirements (Latham & Watkins, 2001). This is to ensure that the covered entities must comply with the security standards with respect to e-PHI. The compliance requires that the covered entity must ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of all e-PHI covered entities creates, receives, maintains, protect against any reasonably anticipated threats to the security or integrity of such information. Question 3 According to Pratt (2000: 383) argue that Stark law, also known as ‘the physician referral law’ prohibits a physician from making referrals for particular designated health services (DHS) payable by the Medicare to an entity with which he or she has a financial relationship (investment, ownership, or compensation), unless an exception... The civil penalties are determined on a tier structure based on the level of severity and intent of the violations.Require the covered entities to adopt the administrative safeguards to protect the confidentiality and privacy of PHIAmong the needed administrative safeguards are the establishment of a compliant system, designation of a privacy officer, implementation of a compliance training programs for all applicable staff, and the implementation of appropriate sanctions for violations of the privacy requirements (Latham & Watkins, 2001). This is to ensure that the covered entities must comply with the security standards with respect to e-PHI. The compliance requires that the covered entity must ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of all e-PHI covered entities creates, receives, maintains, protect against any reasonably anticipated threats to the security or integrity of such information. Question 3According to Pratt (2000: 383) argue that Stark law, also known as â €˜the physician referral law’ prohibits a physician from making referrals for particular designated health services (DHS) payable by the Medicare to an entity with which he or she has a financial relationship (investment, ownership, or compensation), unless an exception applies. They include:1.  Clinical laboratory services 2.  Physical-therapy services3.  Occupational-therapy services4.  Radiology and other diagnostic services (excluding screening mammography).5.  Radiation-therapy services and supplies

Student in University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Student in University - Essay Example As scholars say, time is a valuable resource, a distinguishing factor between success and failure. From this assertion, time management is the solution to this ever-lasting problem. Though a common phrase, the manner in which the strategy to manage time is laid dictates the end result. An ordinary behavior in many campuses around the globe is that tutors and professors dispatch course outlines and assignments at the beginning of the semester. To many students, this issue does not work to their favor since it encourages idleness. To the contrary, its advantages are more. It is from this that my strategy to strike a balance is derived. To begin with, each student need to create their own calendar from the tutor’s but subdivided in to 3 parts. The first should be a semester-long calendar. This calendar should track every important activity throughout the semester and expected deadline hence planning ahead is enhanced. A weekly calendar should follow. This weekly helps the student note when they are free within the week and make possible arrangements for any ongoing commitment. Lastly, the student should prepare a daily to-do list. In this, prioritization is encouraged. The student should check on what should be completed first with well stipulated and strict deadline. Implementation of this strategy can go a long way in enhancing proper use of time. one evident advantage is the fact that the students understands the need for slotting time to socialize and have fun, and knows when exactly to do that. For the reason, the automate result is a stroke balance between education and social

Entrepreneurship in the global environment Essay

Entrepreneurship in the global environment - Essay Example The term Entrepreneurship deals with running a business organization from scratch. The person involved in the process is called an Entrepreneur. The term Entrepreneur not only deals with various attributes which can be found in a person which helps in enhancing business but also the threats that a person faces in the process of nurturing those attributes. This person is known as an Entrepreneur and he is continuously engaged in developing new ideas for a startup, innovating ways to ensure growth of a business, strategizing plans to survive in the market and designing tactics to mitigate challenges. There are many Entrepreneurs who start their own business venture and put their best efforts to ensure that their business reaches the initial breakeven point. The viability of the enterprise will be established at this stage. These Entrepreneurs takes all the responsibilities and ensure that all the business operations are carried out smoothly and issues are resolved with innovative solutions. It is their hard work and dedication that helps the business to sustain in the long run. The Entrepreneurs who join large business organizations have a different role. They operate in specialized areas and foster a business climate which would be favorable for innovation of new ideas. Lionel Martin was a British Entrepreneur who co-founded Aston Martin which is a company that deals with luxurious cars. His love and passion for cars helped him to come up with a venture like Aston Martin. This was an important factor for his success as an Entrepreneur.

Potential Bottlenecks in Implementing MCTS in Odisha.

Potential Bottlenecks in Implementing MCTS in Odisha. Introduction Mother and child tracking system (MCTS) is the online software used by the National Health Mission (NHM), formerly National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), for tele-monitoring Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) services delivered by the Government of India(1). It is an innovation of Health and Family Welfare (HFW) department supported by the National Health Mission(2). This software was conceived way back in 2008 to increase the coverage of RCH services. Left out and drop out beneficiaries for various services, including immunization, can be tracked name wise using this system. Using this software, beneficiary wise and even health unit wise relevant information can be retrieved from any location by any health or associated authority by logging on to the system using the username and password provided to him/her(3). It can greatly reduce the death rates of infant and mother and even reduce total fertility rates through an attempt to provide universal coverage of services. The origin of the concept is linked to the tracking of ‘due’ beneficiaries in immunization sessions using the tracking bag(4) at the sub-center. The tracking bag consists of 14 pockets, of which 12 are meant for 12 months in the year and two more meant for children with complete and incomplete immunization status respectively. Due beneficiaries for a particular month are tracked using counterfoils which would be kept in the pockets for the particular month. MCTS utilizes two formats for capturing data for new beneficiaries– Format I and Format II. The former one is meant for mothers and the latter is for children born of these mothers. Once a woman is detected to be pregnant, she is registered with the health system in the MCTS register so as to receive all the free health services and details are captured in the format I. The data are then sent every week, via the supervisors to the block level, for online data entry into the MCTS. The same is also done for all newborn babies using format II. Services received by the beneficiaries are supposed to be maintained in the Mother and Child Protection (MCP) card provided to the beneficiaries. Subsequently, every week sub-center wise work plan is generated from the MCTS and distributed through the supervisors to the sub-center Auxiliary Nurse Mid-Wife (ANM), for providing the services, updating the services received and tracking the beneficiaries who could not avail the services. Work plans are generated for various kinds of services like registration of pregnant woman, antenatal care services, delivery services, post-natal care services for mother and neonatal child, child health services including immunization, family planning services, etc(2). In short the system perfectly tries to track the left out and drop out case wise, and ensure universal delivery of services(2)(5). Presently MCTS is used throughout the state and lots of human resources have been deployed by NHM at block and district levels to enter, analyze and track the data for the mother and child services. As compared to the proportionate increase in the human resources and other investments, the service coverage has not increased substantially (for example immunization coverage). Even certain studies on mechanisms for tracking immunization in developing countries show similar results(6). There has been disparity during data validation exercises using health indicators from sources like Health Management and Information System (HMIS)(7) and MCTS. Even no assessment has been undertaken to review the bottlenecks of MCTS. Hence a study was planned to identify and provide suggestions for correcting the bottlenecks in the implementation of mother and child tracking services in the state of Odisha, if any existed. Objectives of the study To understand the process of implementation of Mother and Child Tracking Sytem in Odisha and identify the bottlenecks in the implementation process, if any. To identify feasible solutions and suggest recommendations for the identified bottlenecks. Method of study The study was qualitative in nature. It was conducted in three UNICEF supported districts (all tribal predominant) of Odisha state (having 30 districts) from August 2013 to November 2013. In-depth interview (IDI) was the key tool for data collection. Key program implementers involved in the process were listed down along with their assumed roles and responsibilities (Table 1). Judgmental sampling method(8) was then used and IDI was done with identified key informants involved in the implementation of MCTS (block and district level managers and supervisors). A total of 15-24 in-depth interviews (IDI) were planned for the study (regarded as the stage of thematic and theoretical saturation)(8). The end point planned was the point when no new qualitative information was received(9). Three blocks each of these districts were randomly selected and key informants were identified for IDIs. Consent was taken from the interviewers using WHO’s informed consent form for qualitative studies(10). Personal interviews were performed with a pre-determined and pre-tested tool with more often than not open ended and few close ended questions/ probes (Box 1). Along with that satisfaction level of the implementers was recorded using a continuous scale(11). Practically feasible solutions and suggestions as recommended by the informants were also noted along with bottlenecks. Data collection, cleaning and analysis was done simultaneously. Recorded data were transcribed independently by two researchers onto paper, translated to English and then manually analyzed. The qualitative content analysis method was employed(12)(13)(14) for analysis. Nine major heads were identified for the purpose- human resource issue, data generation issue, issues with skill, data entry issues, cov ering events, software issues, supervision, review and financial topics. All other findings were put under a tenth head. After data analysis, brainstorming sessions were carried with the RCH team of UNICEF Field office to put forth other recommendations for the issues noted. Results A total of 20 interviews were conducted in the study with six to seven interviews on an average from each district. Time for the interviews ranged from minimum of 25 minutes to a maximum of 40 minutes. Block level data managers and block program managers in charge of MCTS in the block were identified as the key informants at the block level. Lady health visitors (LHVs) and Health Supervisor (HS (M)) were likewise included in the process. Interviews were also conducted with District Data Managers (DDM) who was the supervisor of BDMs at the district level. Interviews with the stakeholders revealed that there has been a lot of improvement in certain service delivery components. Some of these include availability of a definite work plan (also called due list) for the ANM and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) every week, validation of HMIS data, entering data and assessing reports from any place using provided username and password, validation of incentives provided to beneficiaries and to ASHA for various activities, improvement in service delivery for various national health programs, etc. â€Å"We are able to review the sectors based upon the MCTS data.† [LHV] â€Å"Now, the health workers have realized the benefits and use of MCTS and are frequently asking for clarifications, when required†. [BPM] It was observed that the work plan and reports passed through all the stakeholders of MCTS, including the supervisors. But the involvement in terms of understanding of the process and providing mentoring support was poor, as cited by a few. The reports were collected at the end of the HWF, who would submit reports to their sector level supervisors. Details of the flow mechanism of reports are shown in Fig. 1. On an average satisfaction level regarding implementation of MCTS among block and district level stakeholders was found to be 7 out of 10 (range 4 to 9). Lack in the perfection of the implementation were many, some of which were analyzed and placed in Table 2. It was also noted that a BDM had to devote a great proportion of his time for data entry thus disturbing the equilibrium between personal and professional life. This was set up especially for those located in big blocks and universally for everyone roughly on an average 15 days (last week of a month and first week of the following month), at the time of report collection and entry. Verbatim of some of the important issues found during the interview are listed down under. â€Å"Health workers collect their work plans on their own or in some indefinite process. But the collection of updated work plans from the workers is being done in sector meetings.†[LHV] â€Å"We are facing problem in covering the beneficiaries in outreach areas due to seasonal and migration issues.† [LHV] â€Å"The software needs to be improved.†[BPM] â€Å"HMIS software is better than MCTS with respect to report generation and review monitoring. The MCTS software is much slower than HMIS and needs high speed internet connectivity.†[BPM] â€Å"Due to network connectivity issues, we often ask the BDMs to come to the district NRHM Office and do the data entry here.† [DDM] Discussion and Recommendations Tracking down beneficiaries to increase the coverage of services can definitely reduce the number of miss outs and drop outs for any services catered, and with stringent implementation as planned can definitely improve service delivery. Moreover the planning component of some of the health programs can be addressed in the process. But it was found that issues invariably did exist at all levels and all components of this naà ¯ve model. A single register needs to be maintained integrating components of mother register and child register, which will reduce the workload of the health workers. The simple availability of logistics like paper and cartridge for printing can be some of the minor issues, which if addressed can bring out successful results. Similarly, engaging the data entry operators in the tasks they are meant for can provide quality inputs to the tracking system, not only in terms of improving the data quality, but also an effective plan generation, follow up and tracking of miss out and drop out cases and health review. It will provide a working environment and boost the motivation of these DEOs. Review of MCTS entry, analysis and tracking of follow up of instances should be done block wise with team effort rather than having any single individual accountable. Supervisors should take on an important part in offering mentoring support for tracking, record keeping and updating. An effective model of intern al monitoring and/or mentoring system for underperforming sub-centers in MCTS implementation (eg. Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Method) is needed. Own server can be set up at the state to solve server speed issues. More data entry staff at the block level is needed so as to reduce data entry load in large blocks with huge data load. More number of ANMs or support in the form of additional ANMs is needed in sub-centers with more population. This solution has also been cited in other studies of the same author(15). Data Entry Operators (DEOs) for Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)(16) can be engaged in data entry activities wherever the data entry load is high. A proper operational research can throw light on the mechanism to identify blocks needing more human resources along with other financial support. All services provided and recorded in MCP card should be fed into MCTS to make effective tracking possible. Customization of the software for integrating and validating data of other related programs like Home Based Newborn Care(17), Special Newborn Care Unit(18)(19), etc. can also be done. Adequate contingency provision in the NHM PIP should be made. Collaborating with mobile partners to develop SMS based portal for reporting details of a beneficiary can be done and this can also provide real time reporting. Similarly loading the data in a Geographic Information System (GIS) based maps can be used increase tracking mechanism one step further(20). Extra incentives for each additional work put to the BDMs, may be provided. Training pharmacists in ODMIS(21) can decrease the workload on BDM at the block level. Conclusion Mother and child tracking system is an innovative method of tracking down the beneficiaries name wise, with an objective to bring down the IMR, MMR and TFR. It can help the government to achieve universal coverage of services. Presently MCTS has helped the service providers to effectively manage miss outs and drop outs for various services like immunization, family planning, maternal and new-born care. Validation of HMIS and incentives (to beneficiaries and ASHA) is also being done using MCTS. In spite of all positive aspects, practical issues were found to exist and need to be sorted out. Review, in detail, can sort out many operational and financial issues. Needs of large blocks should be addressed specifically. Server issues need to be addressed along with a provision of SMS based reminders. Real time data entry can make things more convenient. Correct and complete entries in the MCP will help in appropriate utilisation of the software. Acknowledgement: The authors would like to thank program managers from National Health Mission and health staff of the state government for participating in the study and providing field realities. Dr. Ashish Kumar Sen, being supervisor of the team, had supported the study and provided relevant inputs is also acknowledged. Competing interest: This article was accepted and presented as a conference paper at the International Telemedicine Conference held at Jaipur in 2013. References 1. Achievements of MDG Commitments Made Under NRHM [Internet]. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 2012 [cited 2014 Nov 25]. Available from: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=82520 2. Operational Manual: Mother and Child Tracking System [Internet]. National Rural Health Mission; 2010 [cited 2014 Nov 17]. Available from: https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/Home MCH Tracking System/User manual for MCH Tracking by NIC PDF format.pdf 3. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Mother and Child Tracking System [Internet]. [cited 2014 Nov 17]. Available from: http://nrhm-mcts.nic.in/mch/ 4. Immunization Handbook for Medical Officers. Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2008. 197 p. 5. Operational plan for Mother and Child Tracking System [Internet]. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; [cited 2014 Nov 17]. Available from: http://mohfw.nic.in/showfile.php?lid=421 6. Leach-Kemon K, Graves CM, Johnson EK, Lavado RF, Hanlon M, Haakenstad A. Vaccine resource tracking systems. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:421. 7. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. NHM Health Management Information System Portal [Internet]. [cited 2014 Nov 29]. Available from: https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/SitePages/Home.aspx 8. Marshall MN. Sampling for qualitative research. Fam Pract. 1996 Jan 1;13(6):522–6. 9. Baker SE, Edwards R. How many qualitative interviews is enough? [Internet]. National Center for Research Methods; [cited 2014 Nov 25]. Available from: http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/2273/4/how_many_interviews.pdf 10. WHO | Informed Consent Form Templates [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2014 Nov 25]. Available from: http://www.who.int/rpc/research_ethics/informed_consent/en/ 11. What’s the best satisfaction survey scale? [Internet]. being CustomerSure Proven advice from Business Rockstars. [cited 2014 Nov 25]. Available from: http://www.customersure.com/blog/best-satisfaction-survey-scale/ 12. Kohlbacher F. The Use of Qualitative Content Analysis in Case Study Research. Forum Qual Sozialforschung Forum Qual Soc Res [Internet]. 2006 Jan 31 [cited 2014 Nov 25];7(1). Available from: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/75 13. Thorne S. Data analysis in qualitative research. Evid Based Nurs. 2000 Jul 1;3(3):68–70. 14. Glà ¤ser J, Laudel G. Life With and Without Coding: Two Methods for Early-Stage Data Analysis in Qualitative Research Aiming at Causal Explanations. Forum Qual Sozialforschung Forum Qual Soc Res [Internet]. 2013 Mar 18 [cited 2014 Nov 25];14(2). Available from: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1886 15. Padhy G, Padhy R, Panigrahi S, Sarangi P, Das S. Bottlenecks identified in the Implementation of components of national health programmes at PHCs of Cuttack district of Odisha. Int J Med Public Health. 2013;3(4):271. 16. Ministry of Labor and Employment. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana [Internet]. [cited 2014 Dec 1]. Available from: http://www.rsby.gov.in/about_rsby.aspx 17. NHM Child Health Guidelines-Revised Home Based Newborn Care Operational Guidelines [Internet]. [cited 2014 Sep 30]. Available from: http://nrhm.gov.in/images/pdf/programmes/child-health/guidelines/Revised_Home_Based_New_Born_Care_Operational_Guidelines_2014.pdf 18. Neogi SB, Malhotra S, Zodpey S, Mohan P. Assessment of Special Care Newborn Units in India. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011 Oct;29(5):500–9. 19. Neogi SB, Malhotra S, Zodpey S, Mohan P. Challenges in scaling up of special care newborn units-lessons from India. Indian Pediatr. 2011;48(12):931–5. 20. Barau I, Zubairu M, Mwanza MN, Seaman VY. Improving polio vaccination coverage in Nigeria through the use of geographic information system technology. J Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 1;210 Suppl 1:S102–10. 21. Odisha Drug Inventory Management System [Internet]. [cited 2014 Nov 29]. Available from: http://dims.nrhmodisha.in/

Telecommuting :: essays research papers

A typical day for most people in today's world starts out with an early commute to work. People working in the city know what a hassle it is to deal with the many thousands of other trying to make their way to work. Dealing with long commutes and traffic congestion is a commonplace in today's fast-paced society. What if you had a chance to do most of your work at home? Would it be beneficial to you and your company? That is a common question one, which more and more companies are finding out is the future of business. For most people, a chance to work at home would be ideal. Paper work and long term considerations for companies may actually be planned better at home as opposed to a busy work office or cubical. Professionals such as accountants, consultants, marketing professionals and other information-age workers can benefit from telecommuting (people who work at home). This is not to say that all work would be completed at home. There will be times when actual face to face meetings will be necessary for such problems as office disputes and responding to co-workers needs. Working at home will allow for any task in which being alone is not a hindrance. Throughout the United States there are over eleven million people working at home at least part-time. In cities such as New York, federal legislation put into effect required a decrease in the amount to commuters that drive the city's streets during rush hour. Forced to make changes, Merrill Lynch decided to give the telecommuting program a try. Merrill Lynch started a program where potential telecommuters working at the firm, go through an extensive training course by taking a two-week stint in a simulation lab where they are isolated from co-workers and managers just as they would at home. Some people find it more productive while others realize that telecommuting is not for them. Most telecommuters will find the job comfortable if they themselves are self-motivated and focused. According to Gil Gordon, a telecommuting consultant in New Jersey, if you would like your firm to offer telecommuting, 'Go in with a proposal, not a request.'; Show you boss why telecommuting will benefit the company. Explain that less office space will be needed and how employees of company's that offer telecommuting often have a better retention rate than company's that do not.

Education in the Twisted Military School

Not many of the boys who enter the Carolina Military Institute as freshmen leave the school as graduates. Set in South Carolina, this is a story seen through the eyes of Will McLean, a sensitive, yet rebellious young boy, who aspires to be an â€Å"institiute man†. He is an intelligent, honest, sarcastic and incredibly funny Irish, working class youth who doesn't hide from the truth or his fears. Secondary characters Dante Pignetti, Mark Santoro, and Tradd St. Croix, come into Will's life as he studies at the institute. Tradd is a fragile young man who chooses military training to please his father. He is sensitive, loyal, and caring. Pig and Mark are the â€Å"big men† of the group. Will considers them his protectors because of their size and sense of loyality. 0n the surface, the institute apppears to be just another military school engaged in training fine southern men to defend the country during the Vietnam War. But behind the clean walls of the school and the stern faces of the upperclassmen is a horrifying secret. The Lords Of Dicipline is a book about four young men, Will, Pig, Mark and Tradd, who are trying to recieve an education in this twisted military school. It's a school where â€Å"the system† rules instead of the teachers. The â€Å"system† is run by upperclassmen, obsessed with upholding the school's reputation for turning out the finest men the country has to offer to the war. Will watches as the boys in his class are dismantled and reassembled to become military men. He watches as boys are tortured because of their differences, as they are run out of the school, and even as they are driven to the threshold of sucide. The instutite seems to change everyone who remains there. It seems to harden them, to turn them into the very men they feared as freshmen. Will fears that he too will be corrupt by the brutality that surrounds him. When Will, Tradd, Pig, and Mark discover that there is a secret oragnization called â€Å"The Ten† that upholds and enforces â€Å"The system† Will becomes determined to expose them and bring to justice the students who were their victims. The Lords of Discipline is a wonderfully chilling and realistic book with believable characters and a great story line. It strtesses the fact that one way of thinking isn't always the right way and if you feel that something is wrong, you should stand up for what you believe in. I really liked this book and I reccomend it to everyone.

Georges Character Critcal Analysis Essays

Georges Character Critcal Analysis Essays Georges Character Critcal Analysis Essay Georges Character Critcal Analysis Essay This extract recounts the experiences of a young boy named George. He is the main character, and the passage focuses on his perspective of the world. The first and main relationship is with his mother. George being very timid and naive turns to his mother who teaches him to understand the world around him, disciplines him into obeying and stating what boundaries he has. The writer uses a third person narrator in this extract but the point of view is limited to Georges world and his understanding of it.This limited view lets the reader experience the naivety of George and how he reacts to the world around him; for instance when George started crying because of the sudden hoarse bellow the cow utters, the passage only describes the actions of his father and does not go into any other detail. Georges character is conveyed in simple diction in the passage, which mirrors and continues to emphasise his age and naivety.George is a young boy, who is obedient to his parents and very timid. His mother disciplines him and tells him what he is not allowed to do such as shout[ing], run[ing] and soiling [him]self. The things he is not allowed to do are written in a form of a list, as if he is remembering them. This emphasises the notion of how everything ought to be his mother compels on him. George is suspicious of the world beyond what he is familiar with.When his father returns from beyond the Vicarage wall, he speaks of people who are old, and sick, and poor and children who are liars, and that builds a view that there are unexpected noise and unexpected happenings that lead him to the notion of distrust in the world beyond what is known to him. : In the passage, the reader is presented with the Christian faith. In the first lines of the passage, George starts to mourn his late uncle but his mother tells him that excessive weeping is unchristian.Moreover, later in the passage we find out that both his parents have affiliations with the church. His father writes and preaches sermons and his mother teaches Sunday school at the Vicarage (church). The passage is very literal and there is a lack of metaphors and imaginary that may depict a notion that has to be taken into further analysis. Having a very neutral tone this extract describes the life of a young boy growing up. Through the third person limited perspective and simple diction, we are able to view his world in his own terms and try to understand and live his experiences.

A Beginners Guide to the Industrial Revolution

A Beginner's Guide to the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution refers to a period of massive economic, technological, social, and cultural change which affected humans to such an extent that its often compared to the change from hunter-gathering to farming. At its simplest, a mainly agriculture-based world economy using manual labor was transformed into one of industry and manufacturing by machines. The precise dates are a subject for debate and vary by historian, but the 1760/80s to the 1830/40s are most common, with the developments beginning in Britain and then spreading to the rest of the world, including the United States. The Industrial Revolutions The term industrial revolution was used to describe the period before the 1830s, but modern historians increasingly call this period the first industrial revolution. This period was characterized by developments in textiles, iron, and steam (led by Britain) to differentiate it from a second revolution of the 1850s onwards, characterized by steel, electrics, and automobiles (led by the U.S. and Germany). What Changed Industrially and Economically The invention of steam power, which replaced horses and water, was used to power factories and transportation and allowed for deeper mining.The improvement of iron-making techniques allowing for vastly higher production levels and better material.The textile industry was transformed by new machines (such as the Spinning Jenny) and factories, allowing for much higher production at a lower cost.Better machine tools allowed for more and better machines.Developments in metallurgy and chemical production affected many industries.New and quicker transport networks were created thanks to first canals and then railways, allowing products and materials to be moved cheaper and more efficiently.The banking industry developed to meet the needs of entrepreneurs, providing finance opportunities that allowed the industries to expand.  The use of coal (and coal production) soared. Coal eventually replaced wood. As you can see, an awful lot of industries changed dramatically, but historians have to carefully untangle how each affected the other as everything triggered changes in the others, which triggered more changes in return. What Changed Socially and Culturally Rapid urbanization led to dense, cramped housing and living conditions, which spread disease, created vast new city-dwelling populations, and a new sort of social order that helped to establish a new way of life: New city and factory cultures affecting family and peer groups.Debates and laws regarding child labor, public health, and working conditions.Anti-technology groups, such as the Luddites. Causes of the Industrial Revolution The end of feudalism changed economic relationships (with feudalism used as a useful catch-all term and not a claim that there was classic-style feudalism in Europe at this point). More causes of the Industrial Revolution include: A higher population because of less disease and lower infant mortality, which allowed for a larger industrial workforce.The agricultural revolution freed people from the soil, allowing (or driving) them into cities and manufacturing, creating a larger industrial workforce.Proportionally large amounts of spare capital for investment.Inventions and the scientific revolution, allowing for new technology.Colonial trade networks.The presence of all the required resources located close together, which is why Britain was the first country to experience the industrial revolution.A general culture of hard work, taking risks, and developing ideas. Debates Evolution, not revolution? Historians such as J. Clapham and N. Craft have argued that there was a gradual evolution in industrial sectors, rather than a sudden revolution.How the revolution worked. Historians are still trying to pry apart the heavily interwoven developments, with some arguing that there were parallel developments in many industries and others arguing that some industries, usually cotton, surged and stimulated the others.Britain in the 18th century. The debate still rages over both why the industrial revolution began when it did and why it began in Britain.

Philosophical foundations of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Philosophical foundations of education - Essay Example However, there are some general strategies that work effectively. The essential thing to keep in mind about managing the learning environment is that it needs an on-going process in which the teacher must be a keen observer, facilitator, conversationalist, and manager. Different strategies are being used by teachers, and key school personnel to promote learning and to create a positive learning environment. Manning observations stated that "there is a growing consensus that a positive and safe learning environment is one that emphasizes cooperation, collaboration, and peaceful existence, and is one that is free from threats of psychological or physical harm-- that is, an environment that reflects caring and concern for all students" (2000). Establish the type of environment and the desired behaviour for the students - It requires set of goals, general and specific objectives, and the necessary skills needed to be developed, in order to decide what behavioural goals the facilitator is trying to attempt to achieve with the students. Behaviour development is necessary for students' growth and learning. This strategy can promote a positive learning environment when initially done within the learning process. ... uld be geared so students can achieve the essential skills to carry on the desired behaviours, once students understand the set behavioural goals and objectives. "The surroundings in which children learn can greatly influence their academic performance and well-being in school. The architecture, layout, decor and facilities of the [their] school all play a vital role in shaping the learning environment" as cited in World Wide Web (Teachernet.gov.uk). Generally, student behaviour is dependent on teachers' behaviours. If a teacher is attentive on the effect of his or her behaviour towards the students, he/she can change it to direct them toward the desired behavioural goals. According to McFarland, a teacher influences his or her students by both content and contact and can leave a long-lasting impression (2005). As a role-model of the students, the behaviour of the teacher could help create positive impact to students in achieving the projected behavioural goals and objectives, leading to a positive learning environment. Promote respect when dealing with students - Ralph Emerson said, "The "secret of Education lies in respecting the pupil." It is not for the teacher to choose what the pupil will know and do, but for the pupil to discover "his own secret." The teacher therefore must "wait and see the new product of Nature" (1888, pp.125-59). The teacher must have confidence that his/her students also desire to do the right thing. Students' positive expectations will become self-gratifying and transmission of these expectations to students happens in a number of ways. One of the most understandable and prevailing way is through personal relationships in which teachers and other school personnel converse to students, 'This work is important; I know you can do it; I

To analyze Michael Sandel's argument in The Case against Perfection Essay

To analyze Michael Sandel's argument in The Case against Perfection and make and argue a claim about it - Essay Example Enhancements are furthermore self-defeating to the human appreciation of natural abilities and the cultivation of talents in his view. Sandel argues that human appreciation of life comes from the fact that there is an unequal, apparently random gift of talents, advantages, and disadvantages in the social context that makes life meaningful through patterns of difference. He holds that inequalities in natural ability and skill that make some unfortunate and others lucky allow people to be compassionate, as there is an equally likely chance that they would have had the same fate. When genetic enhancements diminish the differences in talent, Sandel states that the individual’s success depends solely on whether or not the person has made the right decision ethically, and through this personal â€Å"responsibility expands to daunting proportions.† (Sandel, 87) In criticism, it is difficult to reconcile the arguments of Sandel against genetic engineering when deconstructing th e logic he uses with regard to pharmaceutical medications such as the use of Ritalin to improve academic performance. Since Ritalin does not affect the apparent telos of academic performance and focuses all of one’s learning ability, reducing contingencies unrelated to education or healing the mind of ADD, it is not clear why does Sandel not regard it in the same manner as he does running shoes. Furthermore, in his â€Å"Chariots of Fire† example, even Sandel concedes that finding the exact telos for personal interpretation within a complex system of competing philosophies is sometimes difficult for the individual and subjective. Thus, the telos of an action may be very different in the views of different people. In this example, Sandel is rejecting Ritalin not on the logic of telos as related to healing but on the preservation of inequality as he defines the morality. Because, in his view, only the differences among people allow them to appreciate life, and due to the ambiguity of telos as he defines it with subjective bias and interpretation at its root, Sandel’s argument against genetic engineering is less about telos and perfection and more a case against equality in society when assisted by technology. The logic of this argument is not consistent with the evolutionary changes of human consciousness, nor does it represent the new paradigm of human civilization represented by the Information Age. Sandel titles his book â€Å"The Case Against Perfection† in order to show his stance against the â€Å"Promethean aspiration to remake† human nature. (Sandel, 26) He argues for a concept of the giftedness of life opposed to genetic enhancements by stating that as people begin to enhance themselves to the limits of engineering, the variability in human talents decrease collectively and the playing field is leveled. Though it is important to note that differences between the choices that people make still exist, â€Å"we [would] a ttribute less to chance and more to choice,† and personal responsibility would increase to daunting proportions as people become ethically and morally responsible for every aspect of their lives. (Sandel, 87) Yet even though he fears that genetic enhancements would position too much pressure on the individual’s decisions, Sandel is fully in support of healing the unfortunate. The problem lies in that allowing the healing of the unfortunate implies that same normalization of abilities that enhancement does. Once Tiger Woods has the same perfect eyesight as other golfers

The Divine Command Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Divine Command Theory - Essay Example Too many words and arguments have been expended on this topic, but let me draw my reason from this simple passage to why this theory should be endorsed: " God is love." [1 John 4:8]. If we believe that God does not declare what is good, and simply commands us to do it, just because he is the stronger and he is therefore the authority, isn't it hard to obey The human nature is stubborn, that I believe. But if we are to think that there are these existing commandments, from an authority who knows our inmost being, Someone who provides our needs even before we ask for it, the One who loves us unconditionally (these I learned from Sunday schools), isn't it true that it will be easier to follow I deem that the same God I got to know on Sunday schools is the same God being talked about in the Divine Command Theory. Therefore, to endorse the theory will mean no harm; instead this will lead people to do good, embrace what is good, and to obey His commandments. One main objection to the Divine Command theory is the so-called Euthyphro Dilemma, proposed by Plato. The dilemma goes like this: "are morally good acts good because God commands it, or God commands it because God Himself is good" From this, at least three problems for a Divine Command Theory arise: The problem of emptiness, whereby "God commands what is good"; the problem of independence, whereby God only commands things because they are already morally good, thus making God irrelevant to the moral rightness of action; and thirdly the problem of horrendous commands, whereby God could, if DCT is true, command acts that we find horrendous The independence problem: how can the notion of "goodness" be objectively separate from God How can one judge God to be good if God is the source of what we call goodness (Peoples). I chose to cite the implication that morality is arbitrary as another standard objection to the theory aside from the well famous Euthyphro Dilemma. It implies that if the theory is true, morality is based only on God's whim. Therefore if God commands cruelty then, it would be only right to obey him and commit cruelty as well. One reply to this objection denies that God, the familiar omnipotent, omniscience, and omnibenevolent theistic deity (Miller), would have commanded such things because, He necessarily does not command evil. Whether God is red in tooth and claw (Kevin Kim), or whether He is the God of love I came to know on Sunday schools, it only means that all of us, from time to time, reflects on that Being to whom goodness emanates, may it be absolute or not depending on your beliefs. Works Cited Wheeler. http://www.philosophy.uconn.edu/department/wheeler/divine.pdf Glenn Andrew Peoples http://www.berettaonline.com/articles/philosophy/echo.html Miller, Christian. "Divine Theory and Obligation". New Waves in Philosophy of Religion. Ed. Y. Nagasawa and E. Wielenberg. Palgrave Macmillan, 105-124.. http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5230U.pdf Kim, Kevin. http://bighominid.blogspot.com/2005/05/divine-command-theory.html Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism is the philosophical principle which says that an individual's beliefs and activities is to be understood by his culture. It holds

Mark McMinn, the author of the book Psychology Essay Example for Free

Mark McMinn, the author of the book Psychology Essay Theology and Spirituality, did an excellent job discussing the aspects of psychology, theology and spirituality, and how they can be integrated by a Counselor. Each chapter opened with a real life example of what it would be like to not properly integrate psychology, theology and spirituality. Christian counselors are charged to incorporate spirituality in their personal lives and properly display these same practices with their clients. Christian counselors are individuals who seek and successfully become trained in counseling theories and techniques as well as theology practices such as using prayer and scripture. â€Å"This type of training can rarely be accomplished in the classroom. But it calls us to lives of spiritual discipline and a personal love for scripture† (McMinn, 2011, p. 139). According to McMinn, the goals of Christian counseling are multi-faceted (McMinn, 2011). Most counseling maps are focused on mental health. McMinn (2011) presented a healing map. This map displayed the link between self-sufficiency, brokenness and the healing relationship and how they relate to the core foundations; prayer, scripture, sin, confessions, forgiveness and redemption. Effective counselors are passionate and irrepressible in the walk with God. McMinn also cautions counselors on the limitations and challenges they will face in counseling. Each section discussed one core foundation. McMinn not only discussed these topics in depth, he also related them to the healing map by answering these three questions; Will this help establish a healthy sense of self? Will this help establish a healthy sense of need? And will this help establish a healing relationship? (McMinn, 2011). McMinn discussed the true purpose that self-sufficiency served and pointed out that this purpose was greatly corrupted, leading to the brokenness that requires a healing relationship. Self-sufficiency is our freedom to love and be kind. When we take this freedom too far, we end up having to face consequences that can have lasting effects, with the absence of a healing relationship. Brokenness not only causes us to seek counseling, but it draws us nearer to God and this in turn allows a true healing relationship to begin (McMinn, 2011). The foundations that McMinn discussed; prayer, scripture, confession of sin, forgiveness and redemptions, are all needed to properly devise therapy that will have actual results. When a counselor uses prayer in their session, it  enhances the client’s spiritual growth which also strengthens their faith (McMinn, 2011). â€Å"When we pray we humble ourselves and ask to become a partner in knowing and doing God’s will† (McMinn, 2011, p.85). When scripture is applied in counseling, it not only teaches the client how to understand it, but how to incorporate it in their lives, further strengthening their relationshi p with God. Scripture also helps the client recognize and understand sin. The realization of sin, helps the client understand why they are suffering and that there is real hope to overcome the suffering when they overcome sin. After acknowledging their sin, the client can now accept forgiveness and mercy. When the client is competent in acknowledging their sin and accepting mercy, they are not capable of establishing a sense of self (McMinn, 2011). The best part of the process is redemption. Redemption allows the counselor to honestly look at each core foundation with the client. Redemption provides that mirror of change and the growth to overcome obstacles in the future. Concrete Response Reference McMinn, M. R. (2011). Psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling (Rev. ed.). Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House

Media Stereotypes Essay -- Media Stereotypes Stereotyping

Media Stereotypes â€Å"Media stereotypes are inevitable, especially in the advertising, entertainment and news industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to quickly understand information. Stereotypes act like codes that give audiences a quick, common understanding of a person or group of people—usually relating to their class, ethnicity or race, gender, sexual orientation, social role or occupation.† Stereotypes are deeply embedded in every society in numerous ways. The dictionary definition of a stereotype is â€Å"one that is regarded as embodying or conforming to a set image or type.† Stereotyping or Labeling is a technique that â€Å"attempts to arouse prejudices in an audience by labeling the object of the propaganda campaign as something the target audience fears, hates, loathes, or finds undesirable.† These stereotypes become so clichà © that they begin to form daily thoughts and views and one is unable to look beyond them. They then become dominant ideologies that are impossible to remove. These stereotypes are inevitable since they have been a key player in the propaganda that the west promotes to other cultures and societies. Media plays a vital role in producing these stereotypes. This is because the media is a very dominant mode of communications in the society that we live in today. In the past 50 years the media has shaped thoughts and influenced people in numerous ways. â€Å"Most common forms of media are television, radio, newspaper, magazines, direct mail, and billboards.† We are bombarded everyday in some way or the other by images from the media world. Therefore, it becomes impossible to escape the messages that are presented to us over and over again. These stereotypes are there in order to form propagand... ...ns.biz/marketing/marketing_definitions.htm. consulted on Monday, March 29, 2004 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Online at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda . Consulted on Monday, March 29, 2004 PRATKANIS, Anthony and ARONSON, Elliot. Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion . New York : W.H. Freeman and Company, 1991. Media Network Analysis. Media Portrayals of Girls and Women: Introduction. Online at: http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/index.cfm . Consulted on Sunday, March 28, 2004 Quote from the text on the woman in the Bijan image. Online at http://www.mediawatchyouth.ca/images.php?cat=rr . Consulted on Friday, April 02, 2004 . DYER, Richard. Gays and Film. Online at http://gente.chueca.com/peliculas2/libros/richarddyer/gaysandfilm.htm . Consulted on Friday, April 02, 2004

Lads & Lassies

Arthur Gharakhanian Lads & Lassies (LL) ACCU-620 Brandman University Week 4, Assignment 2 November 14th, 2012 Lads & Lassies Introduction Classifying how the income statement needs to be coded for Lads & Lassies is a two step processes. I will be using the data provided in the case along with information from FASB's Accounting Standards Codification. FASB's coding system is being used to help prepare the layout and ensure proper reporting of the items listed in the case analysis. Some minor changes need to be done to the income statement format to make it presentable which will be noted in the analysis.Please reference Appendix A throughout the analysis to see how the income statement is ultimately being constructed. Analysis – 2005 When constructing the 2005 income statement for Lads & Lassies, I will be using a multi step income statement as this is the format that â€Å"includes other important revenue and expense classifications makes the income statement more useful† (Kieso, 2012). We have limited information to use for 2005, but we can still construct an income statement up to gross profit.We will adhere to FASB rule ASC 225-10-S99-2 (Regulation S-X Rule 5-03, Income Statements), which regulates the relevant items and their components which should be separately stated in the income statement and their arrangement for the presentation. This coding rule provides us the guidance on how to label and present the revenue generated by Lads & Lassies. Also included in this rule is the requirement on how to report costs and expenses associated with the applicable sales be reported separately on the income statement. Therefore we will breakout the expenses directly tied to sales on their own line item (Cost of Goods Sold).Lastly in 2005 we will calculate the gross profit, which â€Å"tells us how much money an entity would have earned if it Lads & Lassies didn’t pay any other expenses such as salary, income taxes, office supplies, utility, ren t, etc. † (Kieso, 2012). Analysis – 2006 The accounting reporting standards mentioned in the 2005 analysis still apply, however, there are additional standards that need to be applied in 2006. When constructing the income statement we will have to address the gain on sale of corporate headquarters and the class action settlement.In accordance with ASC 225-20-45-4(d), † the sale or abandonment of property used in the business is being excluded from being presented as an extra-ordinary item† (FASB, 1973). However, when the gain or loss of a building is associated with the movement of corporate headquarters, we would use ACS 225-20-45-16 (Presentation of Unusual or Infrequently Occurring Items). This rule states that â€Å"a material event or transaction that is unusual in nature or occurs infrequently but not both, shall be reported as a separate component of income from continuing operations† (FASB, 1973).Rules ASC 225-20-45-4 & ASC 225-20-45-16 also a ddress the presentation of the settlement received from the class action lawsuit. We must report the gain or loss from the class action lawsuit in other income (expense) section of the income statement. This section will follow the income and cost of goods sold sections, thereby â€Å"adding back† revenue to the gross profit to reveal a new gross profit. These transactions could be considered below the line entries and would follow indirect expenses (salaries, rent, etc. , but since those items are not present these entries will follow revenue and cost of goods sold. Conclusion Using FASB we are able to determine how to properly present Lads & Lassies income statements. The changes that accompany the growing company from 2005 to 2006 are easily Lads & Lassies recorded and presented in the income statements year over year. Being able to distinguish what is an unusual or infrequently occurring item is crucial in determining if it falls under operations or non-operating income ( loss).Although the income statement is not complete as we are missing information regarding expenses not directly tied to revenue, the income statements presented (Appendix A) are complete and prepared to code. References FASB ASC 225-20-45-2. [Predecessor literature: â€Å"Reporting the Results of Operations,† Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board No. 30 (New York: AICPA, 1973), par. 20. ] FASB ASC 225-20-45-4. [Predecessor literature: â€Å"Reporting the Results of Operations,† Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board No. 30 (New York: AICPA, 1973), par. 3, as amended by â€Å"Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets,† Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144 (Norwalk, Conn. : FASB, 2001). ] FASB ASC 225-20-45-16. [Predecessor literature: â€Å"Reporting the Results of Operations,† Opinions of the Accounting Principles Board No. 30 (New York: AICPA, 1973), par. 23, as amended by â€Å"Accounting for the Impairm ent or Disposal of Long-lived Assets,† Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144 (Norwalk, Conn. : FASB, 2001). ] Kieso, D. E. , Weygandt, J. J. , & Warfield, T.D. (2012). Intermediate accounting, 14th edition binder ready version. (14 ed. ). Wiley. Appendix A | | | Lads & Lassies Income Statement| Fiscal Year Ending on January 29, 2005| (Figures in Millions)| |   |   | Revenue|   |   | Clothing| $ 70. 60 |   | Sassy Spa| $ 3. 90 |   | Total Revenue|   | $ 74. 50 | |   |   | Less: Cost of goods sold|   | $ 46. 50 | |   |   | Gross Profit|   | $ 28. 00 | | | | | | | Lads & Lassies Income Statement| Fiscal Year Ending on January 28, 2006| (Figures in Millions)| |   |   | Revenue|   |   |Clothing| $ 71. 10 |   | Sassy Spa| $ 11. 20 |   | Transaction value| $ 4. 20 |   | Total Revenue|   | $ 86. 50 | |   |   | Less: Cost of Goods Sold: Clothing| $ 46. 50 |   | Cost of Goods Sold: Sassy Spa| $ 9. 60 |   | Total Cost of Goo ds Sold|   | $ 56. 10 | |   |   | Gross Profit|   | $ 30. 40 | |   |   | Non-Operating Income|   |   | Gain (Loss) on Sale of Building| $ 1. 70 |   | Income from Law-Suit Settlement| $ 2. 70 |   | Total Non-Operating Income|   | $ 4. 40 | |   |   | Net Income|   | $ 34. 80 |

Animal Farm Summative Essay

Animal Farm is an allegorical novel by George Orwell. It is considered to be an allegory because the farm and the various controversies within it are representing Russia’s condition before and after its overthrow of the tyrannical tsar. The novel explores more than just political conflicts – it shows the lengths human nature and gluttony can go, how surplus of power can destroy the truest of morality, how greed is present in every governing system, and no book, rule, or law can obliterate avarice. It also cleverly observes how humans alter their relationships and mask their true feelings towards others for their own security, and this course of action is evident in the relationship between Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington. Napoleon plays a greater role in the aftermath of the rebellion, rather than evoking the rebellion itself, and Mr. Pilkington does not play a great role in the novel until after the rebellion. Napoleon, from the very beginning, is made out to be an antagonist as he indulges in all sorts of suspicious activity, and constantly engages in arguments with Snowball, his partner in looking after the new â€Å"liberal† Animal Farm. The Seven Commandments are against everything man stands for, including Pilkington of Foxwood, and even if they do not have a direct relationship with each other in the beginning, Mr. Pilkington and Napoleon are enemies, because, as Old Major had once said, â€Å"Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever† (4). Napoleon and Snowball have a very idealistic view of Animal Farm, but Napoleon’s attitude towards everything is noticed to be changed after the overthrow of Snowball. His hatred towards the other farmers had already started to falter when their rations fell short, but it is perceived that Napoleon started favoring Mr. Pilkington as he was against Frederick of Pinchfield, where Snowball was rumored to have resided. But their relationship is much like a seesaw as Napoleon goes through a phase of indecisiveness as to whether or not trust Mr. Pilkington as he had declined him any help during the Battle of the Windmill. For instance, when he had sent the pigeons to ask for help, Mr. Pilkington only replied with, â€Å"Serves you right†. As the novel progresses, the commandments are slowly altered, and this shows that Napoleon’s mind is slowly changing, his attitude towards the commandments are changing, and his attitude towards the humans are changing as well. For instance, the commandment â€Å"No animal shall sleep in a bed,† is altered to â€Å"No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets,† for Napoleon’s own luxury, and this not only shows that Napoleon has a new outlook on life, but also a new outlook on humans – not only that, but he alters all commandments, showing he is becoming more and more like a human every day, until finally, the day comes when he stands on his hind legs, indulges himself in alcohol, and is seen to be playing poker with Mr. Pilkington. The most important chapter concerning Napoleon’s relationship with Mr. Pilkington would be the last chapter of the novel when the pair are chatting and laughing, when they both draw aces in a game of poker. This sig nifies the looming power struggle between the two. Both Napoleon and Pilkington are striving to be the stronger party and will stoop to any level to emerge the winner. At the beginning of the novel Napoleon treats Pilkington with heavy disdain, and tries to form an isolated community of self-sufficient animals. As the novel progresses Napoleon engages in trade with Pilkington’s farm, and conspires with him to frame Snowball and make him appear a traitor. His relationship with Pilkington is purely selfish and both of them after the same end, to be the stronger of the two farms. To conclude, in Napoleon’s pursuit of creating his idealistic socialist utopia, he ended up turning into the evil he set out to banish, and turning into what all the animals dreaded – turning into a human, just like Pilkington, which is why â€Å"it was impossible to tell which was which†(89).

Free Essays on Marquis De Condorcet

Marquis De Condorcet Marie Jean Caritat also known as Marquis De Condorcet became one of the leading human rights advocates to reflect and act on the issues of slavery, women’s’ rights and other infringements on human rights during the French Revolution. Marquis de Condorcet was recognized as being such an advocate of human rights through his writings and political encouragement of rights throughout the French Revolution. Marquis de Condorcet’s constant devotion helped gain all human beings our natural rights. Marquis De Condorcet was born in Ribemont, Aisne in 1743 where he grew up with his mother. His father was a cavalry captain and died five weeks after his birth. Marquis de Condorcet’s mother was a very religious person which raised him to be Catholic. At the age of nine Condorcet went to live with his uncle that sent him to a Jesuit school in Rheims. In 1758, Condorcet was sent to college at the University of Paris where he learned religion and Latin, and mathematics. Condorcet took a liking to mathematics and decided to devote his life to studying it. At the age of sixteen he was acknowledged for his analytical abilities. This gained him respect from many people such as Jean le Rond D’Alembert, which decided to take him under his wing and teach him. Once Condorcet gained the respect of others his career sparked off. Throughout the later half of Condorcet’s life he pondered ideas and expressed his beliefs of natural rights. Condorcet used his political career to help focus on his philosophies on human rights. Not only did Condorcet use his political career in many ways to help human rights, but he also used it to demonstrate voting rights and other forms of politics which apply to all people. For example in 1785 Condorcet demonstrated how three different majorities could have equal power in voting through what is known as Condorcet’s paradox. Out of all of the ideas which Condorcet reflected he first deno... Free Essays on Marquis De Condorcet Free Essays on Marquis De Condorcet Marquis De Condorcet Marie Jean Caritat also known as Marquis De Condorcet became one of the leading human rights advocates to reflect and act on the issues of slavery, women’s’ rights and other infringements on human rights during the French Revolution. Marquis de Condorcet was recognized as being such an advocate of human rights through his writings and political encouragement of rights throughout the French Revolution. Marquis de Condorcet’s constant devotion helped gain all human beings our natural rights. Marquis De Condorcet was born in Ribemont, Aisne in 1743 where he grew up with his mother. His father was a cavalry captain and died five weeks after his birth. Marquis de Condorcet’s mother was a very religious person which raised him to be Catholic. At the age of nine Condorcet went to live with his uncle that sent him to a Jesuit school in Rheims. In 1758, Condorcet was sent to college at the University of Paris where he learned religion and Latin, and mathematics. Condorcet took a liking to mathematics and decided to devote his life to studying it. At the age of sixteen he was acknowledged for his analytical abilities. This gained him respect from many people such as Jean le Rond D’Alembert, which decided to take him under his wing and teach him. Once Condorcet gained the respect of others his career sparked off. Throughout the later half of Condorcet’s life he pondered ideas and expressed his beliefs of natural rights. Condorcet used his political career to help focus on his philosophies on human rights. Not only did Condorcet use his political career in many ways to help human rights, but he also used it to demonstrate voting rights and other forms of politics which apply to all people. For example in 1785 Condorcet demonstrated how three different majorities could have equal power in voting through what is known as Condorcet’s paradox. Out of all of the ideas which Condorcet reflected he first deno...

Thesis Topics

Thesis Topics Thesis Topics Thesis Topics The essential part of the Master's and Doctoral students is to complete a thesis. But to find a potential thesis topic is rather difficult task. The following thesis writing tips will help you during your thesis writing. A thesis topic must grow from your own energies and interests. Start thesis writing with something you are familiar with or what you are interested, you should defined your general area of interest. Think about your hobbies, some efforts you have taken part in, etc. You also may write your thesis by means of elaborations or expansions of your successful junior papers. Before writing a thesis think about your earlier junior papers you have written in your previous courses. Finding a topic within an area of interest is more difficult. Your topic should be formulated as a question. But the questions can't be too broad, because a thesis's topic must have focus. It also doesn't mean that it should be too narrow because the goal of a good thesis is to express thoughts of g eneral importance through detailed analysis of a specific case or cases. Because the purpose of this process is to formulate provoke question, the best way to uncover topics in your area of interest is to begin posing questions. Read relative issues and literature to your topic. If your topic seems too broad, this reading will give you some ideas how to narrow your topic. If your question is too narrow, a selection of articles and books can lead you to the general concerns that relate to your interest. Parts of a Thesis Some research projects involve a practical component of experimentation, research in libraries which includes designing the methodology, then analyzing and reporting on the findings in the thesis document. Your plans would need to cover undertaking your research study, analyzing results, writing a preliminary paper on the project, doing further research with further analysis and publication, writing and submitting the thesis, and so on. These are important stages but you should also be thinking further ahead. It is important to keep in mind the final thesis structure and the time line for completing individual chapters. The presentation of thesis follows a standard order. Here is a list to help you during preparation: Preliminary material Title page Acknowledgments Dedication Table of contents Abstract or summary Glossary Preface Substantive material Introduction Literature review Other chapters Conclusion Final sections Bibliography Appendices References CUSTOM THESIS You are welcome to order custom thesis writing service at and professional writer will assist you with project completion.   We guarantee high quality and timely delivery.