Integrative Therapy Essay Example for Free

Integrative Therapy EssayI started my first clan of management today. I was very nervous and excited at the same time. I was nervous because I had not been in formal education for the past ten years and excited because I was passing game to do something for myself after 3 years of sitting at home and focus on something new(prenominal) than domestic issues. I arrived to my first class late and that made me more apprehensive. Looking around I noticed that there were people from different age and background. I started the class by telling others approximately myself and comprehended to them. I felt like I was in a group therapy, in a charge it actually was because we were using our listening skills, which I believe is essential part of counselling. As it happened at the ending of the task I was less nervous than I was at the beginning. Our next task was to find a spouse and talk ab start ourselves to each other. We talked about our lives and it was up to us how much to tel l our partner and to share it with the abide of the group.Again here, our listening skills were tested. This task also acted as ice breaker where the atmospheric state of the class become more relaxed as we listened to each individuals life and their achievements as healthy as their aspirations. I realised that most of the people who attended the course of study were there because of their life experiences propelled them to this course and that they felt they apply something to give back as counsellor, or that they may learn some counselling skills to serve up them with their own lives. As for myself, since studying counselling as part of my degree course 10 years ago, I have wanted to become a counsellor. I always was motivated to help others.My only inability is and has been my lack of confidence. This is not because I dont have the ability to listen and help others, but just that I am not a confident speaker and my communion skills needs to be enhanced and by doing this co urse I am hoping to overcome both and be prepared for further qualifications in counselling. During the class in groups we also discussed, what we want from rest of the group and what is necessitate of me. There were some points, such as, Respect, Confidentially, Honesty, Being non- judgmental, etc, that we all agreed on.We ended the class by checking out, where we said how we felt and what we versed, like me, the rest of group was also more relaxed and were looking forward to the rest of the course. I see this course as learning route, where by the end of it I have learned some counselling skills, hopefully I will also overcome my own issues, which might have an impact on my role as a helper.

Pan Europa Essay Example for Free

cooking pan Europa EssayAnswer 1 In order to avoid takeover Pan-Europa should develop and maintain cartel and loyalty of their customers towards products. Company should also satisfy its stakeholders by expansion and improvement in their market and product. At given period EPS and Shareholders Equity plays a vital role. Company should increase its market share by same low price and high volume and expand its production for more efficiency. Maarten Leyden from Production should be leading the way for Pan-Europa. Answer 3 Part 1 of the question relates to Question 2 unhomogeneous study techniques can be used for correction of different factors that affect project. The investments time value of money and unequal lifetime can be corrected by using crystalise present value method (NPV). Risk can be reduced by Optimization that is determination good balance between advantages and negative risk. Answer 4Must Do project consort to me are Project 3 Expansion of a go under Project 6 Effluent irrigate treatment at four plants. Company southeastern region plant in Germany had reached in effect(p) its full capacity. With the expansion capacity was expected to result in additional production of up to 1.5 million per year, obedient an IRR of 11.2%. Water treatment is regulatory requirement and its just matter of time before it has to be done. It might cost company2.5 times more in coming 4 years than today. higher(prenominal) risk projects include Development and introduction of new artificially sweetened yogurt and ice jactitate and Development and roll-out of snack foods. Customers has tendency like monkey and can easily jump from one fork to another and customer just easily switch to another product. Lower risk project is replacing and expansion of the truck fleet. Combined effort between new plant and expansion of plant alongside with market expansion would be beneficial to the company. Effluent water treatment has nonquantitative benefit because it is environmental compliance. Answer 5 The most desirable projects according to me are new plant and expansion of plant (project 2 3). Is the project a must do for reasons outside the companys control? No Does the project carry out the company policy for nominal IRR? Yes Does the project meet the company policy minimum payback period? No Does the project incur excessive risk? NoDoes the project meet the current corporate strategy? Yes Answer 7 Management committees recommendation to the come along of Directors should be a new and expansion of plant, effluent water treatment and market expansions as per gameboard

Computer Literacy Essay Example for Free

Computer Literacy EssayThou shall non vandalize Web pages. Thou shall non shut tear down Web sites. Thou shall not covet thy neighbors MP3s. FBI agents are bed covering a new gospel to parents and teachers, hoping theyll better educate youths that vandalism in cyberspace erect be economically costly and just as criminal as mailbox bashing and graffiti spraying. The Justice part and the Information Technology Association of America, a trade group, has launched the Cybercitizen Partnership to encourage educators and parents to talk to children in slipway that equate information processing system crimes with old-fashioned wrongdoing. The nascent effort includes a series of seminars around the country for teachers, classroom materials and guides and a Web site to help parents talk to children. In a democracy in general, we cant have the police everywhere, said Michael Vatis, director of the FBIs National Infrastructure Protection Center, which guards against computer attacks by terrorists, foreign agents and teen hackers. One of the most important ways of reducing crime is difficult to teach ethics and morality to our kids. That same principle needs to apply to the cyber world, he said.Recognizing Virtual criminal offenseVatis and other FBI agents attended a kickoff seminar, titled the National Conference on Cyber Ethics, last weekend at Marymount University in Arlington, Va. Part of the challenge Many teens still consider computer mischief harmless. A recent survey found that 48 percent of students in elementary and middle school founding fathert consider hacking illegal. Gail Chmura, a computer science teacher at Oakton High School in Vienna, Va., makes ethics a constant in her curriculum, teaching kids about topics such as computer law, software system piracy and online cheating. She has argued with students who dont down that stealing from a computer with bad security is as wrong asstealing from an unlocked house. Its always interesting that th ey dont see a connection between the two, Chmura said. They just dont get it.The FBIs Vatis tells students, Do you turn over it would be OK to go spray-paint your neighbors house or the grocery store down the street? On a Web site, its the same sort of thing. Its somebodys storefront or an extension of themselves. Chmura tries similar messages. For instance, she asks a budding composer how he would feel if his music was stolen and wedded away online. They do sometimes realize that when theyre copying someones product, its not just that 5 cent disk, but someones work that theyre copying, she said. I debate they do come to appreciate the fact that its somebodys salary theyre stealing. impulsive Home ConsequencesVatis cites a long list of cyber crimes perpetrated by minors, including attacks on defense department computers in 1998 and the February crowd of major Web sites such as Amazon.com and eBay. He tries to drive home the consequences of hacking including the resources it dra ins from his center, as law enforcement scrambles to invite who is responsible at the outset of an attack. Authorities dont know if its a terrorist or a foreign military, Vatis said. It diverts very scarce resources of people who are trying to focus on crime, warfare and terrorism. And children arent the only ones in need of training.College students and parents also are frequently undecided about what crosses an honourable boundary in cyberspace, where anyone can download pirated musical recordings. We had some discussion about the legalities of whether youre sharing something with your friend or burning CDs to sell at your school, said Deborah Price of Lewisville, N.C., parent of a 14-year-old daughter. Im not real certain about Napster ethics myself. Price whose daughter uses Napster, the music-sharing service considered a threat to the recording industry feels that computer ethics are an important issue. I think it should be part of the discussion at the school, Price said. Its only going to get bigger.ReferencesABC news W A S H I N G T O N, Oct. 10FBI Pushes for Cyber Ethics EducationBy D. Ian Hopperhttp//abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=119369

Whistle Blowing Essay Example for Free

Whistle Blowing Es learnThe cont mop uper disaster that took place in January 28 has led to the explosion of the locomote itself and the death of all the crew members including the chosen instructor. A original disaster that occurred due to some wrong decisions and overriding some important information from professional employees in spite of appearance the gild is considered a real catastrophe. Applying extort on senior guidance police squad of the comp each that has create the rocket in order to change their opinion about launching can be considered to be another catastrophe. All these misjudgment actions from the NASA team and the Morton Thiokol team have lead to the challenger real crisis.Whistle blowing A babble blower is a person who reveals some wrong actions done by his employer or the party he works for in an investigation or to some authority and in some cases to exoteric and press. This is mainly the case of Boisjoly who reveled during the commission inves tigation all the information he had regarding the problems that they discovered within the shuttle and the way the NASA reacted towards the problem and the way Morton Thiokol thind the problem and refused to scrub the launch and went with the launch that caused the explosion of the challenger and the death of the cardinal crew members.Whistle blowers are heroes in the eyes of some people and they are betrayers in the eyes of other. From here rises the conflict of whistle blowers. Looking at the whole idea of whistle blowing we can easily say that this act has its vituperates and its benefits. Concerning benefits this would be the end of the any wrongdoing by any employer, management team or employees and this means consequences of wrong acts would be eliminated.As for the weakness or the harm of such practice it would cause terminations for the employee who performed the whistle blowing act, the work environment if he continued would be punishing because the employer and the fe llow employees will always think of him as the betrayer who took the secrets of the political party publicly. Conclusion Challenger explode 73 seconds after(prenominal) its launch and this means that the problem was massive and it needed to be addressed. People ceremony the launch and families who lost beloved ones needed to know what really happened and who was responsible for their great loss.Children who were watching their teacher joining the crew needed to know what the reason that this person died was. From all what preceded the truth should have appeared and the accompany should not treated Boisjoly a whistle blower because he showed the world what really happened and didnt withdraw into consideration the image of the company in the eyes of people and government. Failing to produce quality products and lay lives on the edge is not something that can be ignored and from here we can easily say that whistle blowers are heroes and not betrayers.Question 1Do you regard Boisj oly as a un-American employee or a heroic whistle blower? Why? Boisjoly in my opinion is not a disloyal employee. Although I agree to the saying that secrets of work should not be announced to anybody outside the company moreover is mainly when there is something regarding progress and success key elements and not wrongdoings that causes problems. In the case of challenger, seven people died from the explosion. The company was aware of the problem and they decided to ignore it and go on with the launch of the challenger.Boisjoly inform the problem and tried to convince the Morton Thiokol to scrub the launch but NASA had their way to convince the management to ignore everything and launch challenger. This led to the crisis. Families of the crew who died on challenger had the right to know what happened and this is what Boisjoly did and this is not betrayal but showing the truth behind a crisis. What he did also will definitely help the company make sure not ignore problems and sol ve them first in order not to run into this situation again.Question 2 Did Morton Thiokol treat Boisjoly fairly? Why or why not? pardon We can easily say that the company was not fair in the way they treated Boisjoly after what happened and they have blamed him for the situation the company was facing. The environment they made him work within where he was looked at as a betrayal who took the secrets of the company out to the public and press was hard for him. They did not whole tone that what they did caused a disaster and they need to take responsibility for their actions. They only felt betrayed by Boisjoly and this is unfair by all means. They have treated him in a way that led to his resignation at the end because the work environment was no longer acceptable for him.Question 3 what if anything, ought Morton Thiokol managers have done differently? Explain Looking at the problem and the disaster that occurred due to some wrongdoing from the management team of Morton Thiokol w e can say that they should have considered their engineers report, they should have scrub the launch of the challenger and not accept the pressure that NASA performed on the management team to ignore the report and go on with launching. If they have done so they would have been able to overcome the disaster, solve the problem and launch challenger on latter date. The management team failed to take the right decision.

BUGusa Inc. & WIRETIME Inc. Scenarios Essay Example for Free

BUGusa Inc. WIRETIME Inc. Scenarios EssayBUGusa Inc. is based in any democracy USA. The association provides censorious software technology that allows eaves dropping, sound collection and more to law enforcement agencies throughout the states and federal government inwardly the United States of America. BUGusa Inc. is looking to expand its services, expertise and software at an international level. In the course of their operations there get under ones skin been some questionable behaviors concerning internal and external factors that are impact the flow of operations and in some cases, this behavior may cause serious disciplines with the integrity of the software and its security. WIRETIME Inc. is a sensibly new company competing against BUGusa Inc. That seeks to gain information on BUGusa Inc. by infiltrating its lopforce and recruiting its best and brightest. Throughout this reputation I will address some of those case scenarios and do my best to answer the questi ons set forth by the as subscribement.1st Scenario Has WIRETIME Inc. committed any torts?BUGusa Inc. vs. WIRETIME Inc.In this case scenario we find that WIRETIME Inc. has made an intentional cast out public statement against BUGusa Inc, and more specifically against its product re liability. This behavior by WIRETIME Inc. send packing be seen as a gross move against BUGusa Inc. reputation, thus causing scruple in their products and services from the general public, state and federal agencies home and abroad. The behavior demonstrated by WIRETIME Inc. while non uncommon in the wrinkle world, can be seen as a defamation or libel tort, and this can give BUGusa Inc. leverage against WIRETIME Inc. in a lawsuit.BUGusa Inc. may sue for any marketing related costs it will begin to help its image rise to new and higher levels of trust within its current customers and future customers across the nation and internationally it wouldntbe a surprise if they as well try to collect from po ssible remediation it may drive home incurred from actual or potential loss of profit stemming from the ad circulated by WIRETIME Inc. and the distrust it may have already or potentially cause in the future against BUGusa Inc. WIRETIME Inc. could make the affirmation that its intention was non to harm BUGusa Inc. reputation because their statements were opinion based and not objective facts. In regularize to rebuttal the argument by WIRETIME Inc., and to build new trust, BUGusa Inc. could demonstrate that its products and services break well beyond the one-month capabilities that WIRETIME Inc. suggested on its supposedly opinion ad. By demonstrating that their software and services work beyond the one- month mark, they can surely hold their ground against their competitor and possibly create new business and stronger relationships with its consumers, and, at the alike time win the lawsuit against WIRETIME Inc.2nd Scenario Has WIRETIME Inc. committed any torts?Janet, head of t he RD department at BUGusa Inc. has two more years in her contract with her current company. She has been offered a much lucrative opportunity to work for the aspiration (WIRETIME Inc.) But there is a provision in her current contract that prohibits her to work for the competition for the following two years of her contract even if she was fired before that time expires. This is called the non compete clause. Janet tell this information (non compete clause) to the head of human resources at WIRETIME Inc. when he or she offered Janet employment with their company. You would think that this information would deter any further headhunting approach from WIRETIME Inc. because of the consequences Janets breach of duty to BUGusa Inc. may cause her if she accepts and the liability WIRETIME Inc. picks up by performing this intervening event against the non compete clause BUGusa Inc. has on Janets contract. aft(prenominal)(prenominal) Janet exposed the non compete clause, the head of human resources at WIRETIME Inc. persisted and offered to increase her pay by 10% and added a $5,000.00 signing bonus to the deal. Janet had a duty to BUGusa Inc. and she committed a breach of contract by pass judgment the offer from the competing company by evidence of acceptance. There was an offer, acceptance, consideration,consent, capacity, legal purpose, and writing. While it was illegal to work for the competitor, it was not illegal for her to resign from BUGusa Inc. WIRETIME, clearly intended to have Janet violate her legal agreement and contractual parapet with BUGusa Inc. and committed the tort of interference in a contractual relationship between Janet and BUGusa Inc.3rd Scenario WIRETIME Inc. (Steve Walter) argue BUGusa Inc. Liability for Walterss actions.WIRETIME Inc. has made it its main mission to infiltrate its competitor and retrieve high prise information from BUGusa Inc. by all means necessary. WIRETIME Inc. sends one of its employees, (STEVE) to apply for a p osition at BUGusa. such is their luck that Steve, not only gets hired, but he secures a position within BUGusa Inc. research and increment department. BUGusa Inc. failed to realize that Steve was an employee at WIRETIME Inc. thus placing the companies sensitive information at risk. While at BUGusa, Steve was picked up by an attentive security guard (Walter) who found out through the grapevine and investigation, that Steve was a spy amongst them working(a) for the competitor.Walter decided to approach Steve and take him in to a soundproof room, and retrieve the truth from Steve through intimidate threats against his physical galosh for six hours. Steve, of course fearing for his physical well being, disclosed his purpose in the company what information he has passed along and whom he truly worked for. While Walterss frustration with Steve is understandable, his handling of the home is totally unacceptable and carries some penalties with it. Walter created an atmosphere of stres s, mentally and physically against an employee, regardless of his true intentions BUGusa Inc. should of done its cookery through background checks against Steve and probably saved itself the headache. Nevertheless, Walterss behavior was thuggish and criminal thus creating the tort of assault. Walter could have held Steve and called the police, then followed through with charges against Steve and WIRETIME Inc. but his course of action may result in Steve going after BUGusa Inc through vicarious liability. This liability holds BUGusa Inc. as responsible for Walterss behavior and actions while performing his normal duties in the workplace.4th Scenario Parking kitty of BUGusa Inc. Crime problem.What exculpation if any, may be available to BUGusa Inc.?As with all working environments, it is the legal and implied duty of any employer to provide a healthy and safe work environment for its employees, vendors and any other patrons visiting or performing work at any line of work site wit hin the United States of America. Here we can see that this particular BUGusa Inc. branch that is located in Shady town USA, has been the victim of multiple attacks on its employees and its vendors and also fell pray to vandalism. This problematic issue is well known to the residents of the community where BUGusa has its building this leads me to know that management at BUGusa Inc. must have also been aware of this problem and failed to address it properly. I do not see any available self-abnegation for BUGusa Inc. on the matter of the vendor being attacked and robbed while waiting to deliver goods at the facility mentioned above. BUGusa has a duty to its employees, vendors and any patron performing any job within its premises to provide equal to(predicate) safety measures that will deter thiefs from braking in to cars and vandalizing company property, but most significantly from harming the people within its property at all times.Having a well lit parking lot means all lights are working properly and to their full capacity, and in this case, they had a few lights that were not operating at all. Also, well-lit areas are not enough security against a hostile environment that has in the past proven to be dangerous against employees and vendors. The company breached its duty by not upgrading its security measures after the first reported assaults against its employees, this negligence caused that the vendor become another victim of the crime wave affecting its hidden property. The imperfection to the employees and vendor are financial, mental and may well be physical if not yet. The tort that applies here is negligence on the part of BUGusa Inc. If they would have reevaluated their security stance against the rise in crime and violence on their property and its surrounding community, it could have avoided such negligence.5th Scenario Randy and Brian (BUGusa Inc.)What defense may be available to BUGusa Inc.?The following Scenario holds two parties as responsib le for failing to perform their call for duties as responsible citizens and employees. By both parties being negligent, they are both are potentially at fault they violated personal and business duty, breached their duties to their safety and business safety, causing an accident and damages to private and business property not to mention the physical injuries if any, and obvious financial injuries to personal and business property. some(prenominal) Randy and Brian were negligent in their actions, Brian, as an employee of BUGusa Inc. could have avoided the crash if he were following the speed constrain or driving in accordance with road and area conditions. Randy failed to obey the yield sign and assumed the risk of being impacted by another vehicle. Here we can apply relative or contributory negligence because they were both at fault, if BUGusa Inc. can prove that Randy had more to do with the cause of the accident then they may well win the case.6th Scenario whirl may have a s uccessful case against BUGusa Inc. for what Tort?Just as in the actual case of ecumenical Motors, BUGusa Inc. failed to notify the consumers of the potential hazards of using their products. BUGusa tried to save money at the risk of consumers safety by taking little(a)cuts in the manufacturing and assembly process, knowing that such shortcuts may result in short circuit and in some cases harm to its product users they moved forward with its sale and fielding. Strict intersection Liability Tort states that the manufacturer, distributor and seller are responsible for any harm and or injury caused by failure to inform of manufacturing defects or design defects. By designing the product without the necessary insulation, Sally was exposed to a short and suffered injuries. BUGusa Inc. is clearly in hot water and can be nonresistant for all harm and injuries stemming from this negligent act.ReferencesCornell University. (2014). Tort. Retrieved from http//www.law.cornell.edu/wex/tort Expe rt Law. (2014). Negligence /Personal Injury. Retrieved from http//www.expertlaw.com/library/personal_injury/negligence.html Hill, M. (2011). The Legal environment of Business. A Managerial Approach Theory to Practice. Phoenix, AZ Copyright McGraw-Hill Company.

Thomas Edisons reputation Essay Example for Free

doubting doubting Thomas Edisons report sampleThomas Alva Edison is a scientist that was born on February 1 lth 1874 in Ohio. His family had to move to The United States of America afterwards the involvement of his father in numerous political matters. Thomas Edison wooly a part of his hearing when he had a fever at the epoch of 1 year of age(predicate) as more articles indicate. They say that it was a real bad fever at that time. Some articles indicate that he lost a part of his hearing when a man pulled him by the ear to get him to a piteous train. A nonher story and a very popular one is that there was a sm all(prenominal) effusion which led him to lose his earing.Despite all of that he was a salient scientist with great creations and inventions. He was very fractious on the job(p) and very ambitious as the history shows us. He was so creative and forward-looking that he invented a new telegraphic device by the age of approximately 21 historic period old and that is a very issue age to create in. Also, he was working by the age of 12 solar days old during the civil war in The United States of America. He was distributing newspaper. He in addition built a small chemical laboratory at the corner of his house garage.He was so dedicated to build his own story that e established his own newspaper and made two stores by the age of approximately 16 days old. The strangest point about those stores would be the idea of employing young men similar to his age at that time. Moreover, he was a businessman. He started his own factory when he was about 23 years old after selling some of his creations to the company he worked for. A year after that, he got married to a 16 years old girl that was working there. He invented so umpteen inventions when he was 25 years old.He continued inventing so many things until he reached to his great invention which was the light bulb. He had the idea to lighten whole New York city when he was 35 years old. He suffered a bad emotional tragedy as a result of losing his wife. Two years after that, he got married again. Then he kept on working on his inventions and providing the world by what he thought good creations. From all of that we really washstand see and estimate that Thomas Edison was indeed a very fascinating man. He was very hard working and very ambitious.He was also a very good businessman who had a emergence number of companies in several majors. He established a manufacturing company to manufacture electrical devices for him as a art of his plan to lighten all New York City at night time. He did succeed in a certain level but he could not accomplish everything he wanted. Despite all the wealth he made when he was young or before 40 years old, Edison was nothing but a very hard and dedicated person. When he was 81 years old he was awarded the congressional gold medal for all the creation the he had made.Thomas Edison the great scientist passed away on October 18th , 1931. In 22nd of January 2012, there was an article published in the net income written and revised by Ron Kurtus. It was a very useful rticle. The generator divided Edisons spirit into diachronic parts. Each and every part showed few of Edisons reputations and the all the samets that led to those reputations. He started from the very first year of Edisons life pointing all the main events and the best creations and inventions. Also, the events during the civil war of The United States of America were mentioned in that article and thats a very good thing.The reason being is that it points out that Thomas Edison was a creative genius even under awtul circumstances much(prenominal) as wars. However, that article nad tew weak points hat are expenditure mentioning. One of them is the article discusses Edisons life from the date he was born until the age of 40 years old and thats kind of a weakness. Edison had a variety of events after the age of 40 years old. Actually, he was extra f amous after the age of 40 years old. Moreover, the writer did not focus at the great invention of Edison and that is the light bulb.He Just went through it as it was an easy thing or a normal invention but in fact it changed the world to a better and a brighter world. after(prenominal) few months of this article the writer decided to write another rticle discussing the age of Edison starting from 40 years old until the end of his life. One other weakness to that article is using only one wizard defend as a reference which in this case we need more than one. Another playing field was published on March 1 lth 2007 by Randall Stross in New York Times newspaper. That article was contrary from the previous one as it discussed Edisons life from a different perspective.The writer divided Edisons life regarding his creations and inventions not by history or event. The main focus of that article was to point out some of Edisons characteristics and nventions. Therefore, the writer did n ot discuss much of life event of Edison. Also, the writer aimed to point out Edisons famous reputation and explain few reasons leading to them. That particular article was very impressive. However, the article was corrected approximately twice and that shows that there were mistakes. Also, the writer did not point out the resources or references that were used in that article.Even though the article was very rich in meaning and phrases but still there were no references to summation those meanings. One more very important thing is that the writer oncentrated on the electricity and the electrical inventions more than any other creations of Edison and I could not find a reason for that. Perhaps the reason to that is grand role that the electricity plays in our lives but I still think that it is not fair at all to concentrate on one work and abandon the others. Other than that, the article was really reformative and very low-cal. The writer had a very clear vision about the scient ist, it seems.Last but not least, the greatest book in my opinion about Edison which descried him in a very clear way, Thomas Alva Edison Sixty Years of an Inventors Life y Thomas Crowell. This book had everything about Edisons life. The writer discussed so many details regarding Thomas Edisons life. Furthermore, he mentioned so many characteristics about Edisons personality. Also, the book is really great in explaining several steps that were taken by Edison to achieve some of his goals and his inventions. The book covered many points of Thomas Edisons childhood and how he was a hard worker since he was a kid.In addition to that, the book broke down Edisons life into so many pieces with respect of clear words to roduce a clear image in every creation and invention. The book was also great in mentioning the names of Thomass family mates, such as his father, his mother and some of his relatives. Furthermore, the story of his first marriage was included as well in the book which gave it a better value and made the reader likes it more. The writer also put a good time and effort into explaining the business side of Edisons wife and how that affected his personality and helped him developing his reputation and fame.That book was really great by all meanings and it is very clear that the writer ut a lot of effort into that book to make the way it is. Finally, Thomas Edison was one of the greatest people in history. He did his best trying to improve the world. His reputation was growing up day by day due to the nard work ne was putting in himself. It is clear now that Thomas Edison is an unforgotten scientist. From all the above we can conclude that Thomas Edison overcame all the problems that were there in his time. He did not allow the civil war in The United States of America stop him from achieving what he wants.

Globalization and the Digital Divide Essay Example for Free

Globalization and the Digital Divide EssayThe globalization era has been development in recent years. The use of technology has an important role in running the backing. Any training about companies can be known in a second. This condition pushes the people in business to provide the accurate, detail and trusted selective information which is related to the companionship. It also throw offs the conjunction compete to advance the motion of their useable activities.To help understand how modern business development, every company definitely has an orientation to make a last profit, therefore the company tries to build a good image in populace. Companies allow compete to increase their success both in persistence and trade field. At first, the company forget be profit-oriented, but as it progresses, it is not only concentrate on profit-making but also focalisationed on social responsibility to keep the company alive. Companies must think about the jounce on their environment.Rapid business development drives industry growth, especially in Indonesia. An industrial military action must be related to the utilization of resources and produce valuable products. This will hold back a direct and indirect impact on the environment. The natural resource management industry, especially the management of non-renewable resources (petroleum, natural gas, coal industries, etc.) is a short-run industry, but it has a long-term impact on the environment.Despite having a positive impact on the economy of a country, an industrial activity also has a detrimental impact on the meet environment. Negative impacts due to activities that cause environmental damage, should be minimized first for the good of the company and the community. At the same time, governments, stock exchanges, markets, investors and the mankind require companies to be transp atomic number 18nt about the goals, performance, and impacts of their sustainability. Then came the practice of C SR (Corporate hearty Responsibility) in the business world.CSR is the companys theatrical role to the stakeholders towards sustainable development by minimizing the negative impact of operational activities. now CSR is widely known and in Indonesia has many companies that apply it. In addition, the policy has been made regarding the divine revelation of CSR as stipulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2007 and mentioned that a company that carries out its business activities in relation to natural resources, is obliged to carry out social and environmental responsibility.CSR is expressed in a handle called Sustainability Report. As reported in www.global coverage.org (2017), Sustainability Report is a report published by the company about the economic, environmental, and social impacts caused by daily operational activities of the company. One of the guidelines that can be used by companies in carrying out CSR activities is the GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) . GRI is an international non-profit organization with network- ground structure. GRI encourages the implementation of reporting with Sustainability Report as a way for companies and organizations to become more than sustainable and contribute to a sustainable global economy. Companies report their activities based on principles and disclosures of standards in accordance with GRI Generation 4 (G4 Guidelines). In that way, the companies will ascertain the importance of CSR reporting that can improve their image, bring profit and ensure the survival of the company. However, if a company does not report CSR, it will create a conflict with stakeholders.Manufacturing is an industry whose principal(prenominal) activity is processing or converting fresh materials into finished or semi-finished goods so that goods have added value. Each processing of raw materials from manufacturers would produce waste, causes the environment to feel its impact. The large number of manufacturing compan ies operating in Java Island, making Java is the largest contributor of waste in Indonesia (National Geographic Indonesia, 2011). That is why covering the issue of environmental damage must be with a high skepticism. Because, besides a large number of output produced by the manufacturing company for its operational activities, it is still more output to be spent to repair environmental damage.Cases of thousands of liters of oil owned by PT commutation Georgette Nusantara Printing (CGNP) that spill out pollutes Cibingbin River in Bandung, West Java makes people uneasy because the waste has been polluting the river that empties into the Sanguling Reservoir. The companys operational activities in this area cause environmental damage and harm the people around. It also causes two hectares of paddy field fields managed by local people, threatened crops failing. This condition makes people consider the environmental issues are the main ones. After getting pressure from both the governmen t and the people around the factory, the company is ultimately liable for the environmental pollution issue. The case above pushes the role of CSR as a business-enhancing success for a company.This question is using firm sizing, lucrativeness, leverage, public ownership and industry sensitivity as independent variants and CSR disclosure which uses G4 guidelines as the dependent variable. loaded size of it is an indicator that can indicate a condition or indication (large or small) of a company. Large companies are more in demand by analysts and brokers because they tend to be easy to publish financial reports and tend to be in stable performance positions (Astuti Nugrahanti, 2015). Profitability measures the overall deediveness of management in generating profits with its assets (Smart Graham, 2010, p. 66). It means to measure the activity of the company in pull in net profit. Leverage provides a description of the companys capital structure, thus it can use to see the direct of risk of uncollectible debt (Fahrizqi, 2010). Public ownership is the proportion of fortune ownership owned by the public of the companys bundles (Arthana, 2012). assiduity sensitivity can be interpreted as how big the influence of industrial activity that is directly related to the environment (Winarsih, 2015).The enquiry about the determinant of CSR has been done by some researchers such(prenominal) as Arthana (2012) showed that public ownership and firm size have no significant magnetic core on CSR disclosure. Meanwhile, leverage and profitability have a significant force-out on CSR disclosure. However, it was a different research by Kusuma (2012). It showed that that firm size and public ownership have a significant effect on CSR disclosure and leverage does not affect the CSR disclosure. The research by Kusuma (2012) was support by Wijaya (2012), Zanirah (2012) and M. Nur D. Priantinah (2012) showed that firm size significantly influences, but to leverage and pro fitability does not affect the disclosure of social responsibility.Zanirah (2012) showed that the firm size has a positive significant effect and leverage has a negative effect, while profitability has no significant effect on CSR disclosure. M. Nur D. Priantinah (2012) showed that profitability and public ownership have no significant effect on CSR disclosure. Firm size has a positive significant effect and leverage has a negative significant effect. C. Putra (2012) has a different result compared with M. Nur D. Priantinah (2012) and Zanirah (2012). It showed that firm size has a significant effect on CSR disclosure in manufacture companies while leverage, profitability, and public ownership have no significant effect.From earliest studies that show the different effects on CSR disclosure exhibit the research gap with different variable and different object push the researcher to retest research by C. Putra (2012) by adding a variable to improve the results about THE EFFECT OF F IRM SIZE, PROFITABILITY, LEVERAGE, PUBLIC OWNERSHIP AND INDUSTRY SENSITIVITY ON CSR DISCLOSURE (A cocktail dress STUDY OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE YEAR 2013-2017)Research QuestionsBased on the background, the research questions that are discussed in this research areDoes firm size have a partial derivative effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock substitute at 2013-2017?Does profitability have a partial effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Does leverage have a partial effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Does public ownership have a partial effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Does industry sensitivity have a partial effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Do firm s ize, profitability, leverage, public ownership and industry sensitivity have a concurrent effect to CSR disclosure on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017?Research LimitationThe countersign of the problem is limited to affecting some variable to CSR disclosure, which consists of firm size, profitability, leverage, public ownership and industry sensitivity. The company which is observed is manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.Research PurposeTo consider whether firm size has a partial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.To analyze whether profitability has a partial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.To analyze whether leverage has a partial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.To analyze whether public ownership has a part ial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.To analyze whether industry sensitivity has a partial effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.To analyze whether firm size, profitability, leverage, public ownership and industry sensitivity have a simultaneous effect to CSR disclosure to manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange at 2013-2017.BenefitFor CompanyThis assume is expected to collapse information for manufacturing companies in preparing meaningful sustainability reports and making steady sustainability reporting and directed to standard practice.It contributes to the understanding of determinants of CSR disclosure to improve the implementation of disclosure guidelines.This study is expected to be an input for companies in doing consideration and finding making which will be useful in providing an additional value of the company.For investorA s an overview of CSR disclosure that serves as a reference for investment decision making.For accounting departmentAs a meaningful contribution to the accounting department to develop a study of financial management especially for CSR disclosure.For studentThis study helps extends the scope of previous studies by introducing independent and dependent variables engage with CSR.The results of this study are expected to be a reference and comparison for further research, which is a concern with the CSR disclosure.GlossaryFirm SizeFirm size is the number of assets owned by the company. Thus, the large and small of a company can be seen by its assets ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData DOI 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004, ISBN 9788578110796, ISSN 1098-6596, PMID 25246403, author dropping-particle , family Rahman, given Arif, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, affix , dropping-particle , family Widyasari, given Kurnia Nur, non-dropping-parti cle , parse-names false, suffix , container- gloss Jurnal Akuntansi Auditing Indonesia, id ITEM-1, issue 1, issued date-parts 2008 , page 25-35, designation The analysis of company characteristic influence towards CSR disclosure Empirical evidence of manufacturing companies listed in JSX, typewrite article-journal, leger 12 , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=ad81e84f-e72e-4aeb-998f-b3df3f96da8f , mendeley formattedCitation (Rahman Widyasari, 2008), plainTextFormattedCitation (Rahman Widyasari, 2008), previouslyFormattedCitation (Rahman Widyasari, 2008) , properties noteIndex 9 , outline https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Rahman Widyasari, 2008).ProfitabilityProfitability measure the focus on company profits ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Marcus, given Brealey Myers, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , edition Lima, id ITEM-1, issued date-parts 2006 , number-of-pages 372, publisher Erlangga, title Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan Perusahaan Jilid 2, type book , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=eaa4ed05-0031-4fc6-9f14-1d31d7503a15 , mendeley formattedCitation (Marcus, 2006), manualFormatting (Marcus, 2006, p. 80), plainTextFormattedCitation (Marcus, 2006), previouslyFormattedCitation (Marcus, 2006) , properties noteIndex 9 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Marcus, 2006, p. 80). Big companies are expected to realize more profit than small companies. It also measures the using of the efficiency of company assets ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Husnan, given Suad, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , dropping-particle , family Enny Pudjiastuti, given , non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , edition Pertama, id ITEM-1, issued date-parts 1996 , publisher Unit Penerbit dan Percetakan (UPP) AMP YKPN, publisher-place Yogyakarta, title Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan, type book , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=561254b1-8c37-4dae-9f07-9552249e0f60 , mendeley formattedCitation (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996), manualFormatting (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996, p. 73), plainTextFormattedCitation (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996), previouslyFormattedCitation (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996) , properties noteIndex 9 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996, p. 73).LeverageLeverage means measuring the companys ability to complete its financial obligations. It can be that leverage is measure how far the company uses debt ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Husnan, given Suad, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , dropping-particle , family Enny Pudjiastuti, given , non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , edition Pertama, id ITEM-1, issued date-parts 1996 , publisher Unit Penerbit dan Percetakan (UPP) AMP YKPN, publisher-place Yogyakarta, title Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan, type book , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=561254b1-8c37-4dae-9f07-9552249e0f60 , mendeley formattedCitation (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996), manualFormatting (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996, p. 70), plainTextFormattedCitation (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996), previouslyFormattedCitation (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996) , properties noteIndex 9 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Husnan Enny Pudjiastuti, 1996, p. 70).Public OwnershipPublic ownership is the proportion of share ownership owned by the public of the companys shares ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM- 1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Arthana, given Ronny, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , container-title Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB UB, id ITEM-1, issue 2, issued date-parts 2012 , page 1-14, title Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan (CSR) Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Indeks LQ45 Bursa Saham Indonesia (BEI), type article-journal, volume 1 , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=848daaaf-51e9-409e-b044-80ae139493e6 , mendeley formattedCitation (Arthana, 2012), plainTextFormattedCitation (Arthana, 2012), previouslyFormattedCitation (Arthana, 2012) , properties noteIndex 9 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Arthana, 2012). The bigger the share which is owned by the public, the more information will be explained, the investors want to get more information about its investment and make sure that it is safely managing then the obligation will be fulfilled.Industry SensitivityIndustry sensitivity can be interpreted as how big the influence of industrial activity that is directly related to the environment ADDIN CSL_CITATION citationItems id ITEM-1, itemData author dropping-particle , family Winarsih, given Arga Mustika, non-dropping-particle , parse-names false, suffix , id ITEM-1, issued date-parts 2015 , title Pengaruh Media Online , Sensitivitas Industri Dan Struktur Corporate brass section Terhadap Kualitas Environmental Disclosure Governance (Studi Pada Perusahaan High Profile di BEI), type report , uris http//www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=d495d810-1aa1-41f2-8dc4-6690588eae85 , mendeley formattedCitation (Winarsih, 2015), plainTextFormattedCitation (Winarsih, 2015), previouslyFormattedCitation (Winarsih, 2015) , properties noteIndex 10 , schema https//github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json (Winarsih, 2 015).